Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
虧 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜土一一尸 (YGMMS), four-corner 21227, composition ⿰雐亏(GHTV) or ⿰雐亐(JK))
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1075, character 42
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32770
- Dae Jaweon: page 1544, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2830, character 14
- Unihan data for U+8667
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
|
Old Chinese
|
唬
|
*qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ
|
戲
|
*qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː
|
巇
|
*qʰra
|
隵
|
*qʰra
|
嚱
|
*qʰras
|
盧
|
*b·raː
|
鑪
|
*raː
|
壚
|
*raː
|
籚
|
*raː
|
蘆
|
*raː, *ra
|
顱
|
*b·raː
|
髗
|
*b·raː
|
鱸
|
*raː
|
攎
|
*raː
|
櫨
|
*raː
|
轤
|
*raː
|
黸
|
*raː
|
獹
|
*raː
|
鸕
|
*raː
|
艫
|
*raː
|
纑
|
*raː
|
瀘
|
*raː
|
瓐
|
*raː
|
爐
|
*raː
|
嚧
|
*raː
|
矑
|
*b·raː
|
罏
|
*raː
|
蠦
|
*raː
|
虜
|
*raːʔ
|
擄
|
*raːʔ
|
艣
|
*raːʔ
|
鐪
|
*raːʔ
|
虖
|
*qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa
|
虍
|
*qʰaː
|
雐
|
*qʰʷlaː
|
虎
|
*qʰlaːʔ
|
琥
|
*qʰlaːʔ
|
萀
|
*qʰlaːʔ
|
臚
|
*b·ra
|
廬
|
*ra
|
驢
|
*b·ra
|
藘
|
*ra
|
爈
|
*ra, *ras
|
櫖
|
*ra, *ras
|
儢
|
*raʔ
|
慮
|
*ras
|
勴
|
*ras
|
鑢
|
*ras
|
濾
|
*ras
|
攄
|
*r̥ʰa
|
處
|
*kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas
|
豦
|
*kas, *ɡa
|
據
|
*kas
|
鐻
|
*kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ
|
澽
|
*kas, *ɡas
|
虛
|
*kʰa, *qʰa
|
墟
|
*kʰa
|
懅
|
*ɡa
|
蘧
|
*ɡa, *ɡʷa
|
籧
|
*ɡa
|
醵
|
*ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ
|
璩
|
*ɡa
|
虡
|
*ɡaʔ
|
遽
|
*ɡas
|
勮
|
*ɡas
|
噓
|
*qʰa, *qʰas
|
驉
|
*qʰa
|
歔
|
*qʰa
|
魖
|
*qʰa
|
膚
|
*pla
|
虧
|
*kʰʷral
|
噱
|
*ɡaɡ
|
臄
|
*ɡaɡ
|
劇
|
*ɡaɡ
|
諕
|
*qʰʷraːɡ
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʰʷral) : phonetic 雐 (OC *qʰʷlaː) + semantic 亏 (“exhale”).
Etymology[edit]
- “quecto-”
- Phono-semantic matching of English quecto-. Coined by the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation on World Metrology Day in 2023 (20 May 2023).
Pronunciation[edit]
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
虧
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
kuī
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ khjwe ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*[k]ʷʰ(r)aj/
|
English
|
diminish
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
虧
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
No.
|
5278
|
Phonetic component
|
虍
|
Rime group
|
歌
|
Rime subdivision
|
1
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
虧
|
Old Chinese
|
/*kʰʷral/
|
Notes
|
說文虍聲,觀聲母圓脣則於亦聲
|
Definitions[edit]
虧
- to lose; to suffer losses
- 虧了一千塊錢/亏了一千块钱 ― kuī le yīqiān kuài qián ― to have lost 1000 yuan
- to be lacking; to be deficient
- 理虧/理亏 ― lǐkuī ― to be in the wrong
- to treat unfairly
- luckily; it is fortunate that; thanks to
- used to show irony with a note of reproach
- (Cantonese) weak; unhealthy
你有冇咁虧呀,行兩步路就喘晒氣。 [Cantonese, trad.]
你有冇咁亏呀,行两步路就喘晒气。 [Cantonese, simp.]- nei5 jau5 mou5 gam3 kwai1 aa3, haang4 loeng5 bou6 lou6 zau6 cyun2 saai3 hei3. [Jyutping]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (Cantonese) not very functional; easy to break
部電腦虧虧地嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
部电脑亏亏地嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]- bou6 din6 nou5 kwai1 kwai1 dei2 ge2. [Jyutping]
- The computer is not functioning well.
- [from 2022] (Mainland China) quecto- (SI unit prefix)
- Synonym: 匱/匮 (Taiwan)
Synonyms[edit]
- 喪失/丧失 (sàngshī)
- 失掉 (shīdiào)
- 損/损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 損失/损失 (sǔnshī)
- 淪亡/沦亡 (lúnwáng)
- 滅絕/灭绝 (mièjué)
- 不夠/不够 (bùgòu)
- 不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
- 不滿/不满 (bùmǎn)
- 不足 (bùzú)
- 乏達/乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 匱乏/匮乏 (kuìfá)
- 欠 (qiàn)
- 欠缺 (qiànquē)
- 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
- 短缺 (duǎnquē)
- 絕乏/绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
- 缺乏 (quēfá)
- 缺如 (quērú) (literary)
- 缺少 (quēshǎo)
- 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
- 缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 貧/贫 (pín) (literary, or in compounds)
- 闕乏/阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)
- 闕如/阙如 (quērú) (literary)
- 佳哉 (Hokkien)
- 多虧/多亏 (duōkuī)
- 好代得 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 好佳哉 (Hokkien)
- 好值得 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 好在 (hǎozài)
- 好彩 (Cantonese, Hakka)
- 好得 (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew)
- 好是 (hǎoshì) (formal)
- 好路 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 幸好 (xìnghǎo)
- 幸而 (xìng'ér)
- 幸虧/幸亏 (xìngkuī)
- 得虧/得亏 (děikuī) (dialectal)
- 打幫/打帮 (Hakka)
- 虧得/亏得 (kuīde)
- 造化 (cô̤-*huá) (Eastern Min)
Antonyms[edit]
- (antonym(s) of “to lose”): (literary, or in compounds) 盈 (yíng)
- (antonym(s) of “to treat unfairly”):
Compounds[edit]
See also[edit]
Japanese[edit]
虧
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- wane (moon)
Readings[edit]
虧 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu)
- lose, fail
- damage
- deficient
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
虧: Hán Nôm readings: khuy, khuya, khuây
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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