蹴ゑる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
蹴
く Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

Shift from earlier 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verb form 蹴う (kuu).

There is some textual evidence that this kweru form may have already been in use in the late Heian period, as recorded in the Ruiju Myōgishō.

This eventually fell out of use as the kwe phoneme collapsed into ke, resulting in the modern form 蹴る (keru).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) く𛅑​る [kwéꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kɰᵝe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

蹴(く)ゑる • (kweru) transitive ichidan (stem 蹴(く)ゑ (kwe), past 蹴(く)ゑた (kweta))

1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Early Middle Japanese and early Late Middle Japanese form of 蹴る (keru, “to kick”)

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "蹴ゑる" (カ行下一段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	蹴ゑ	くゑ	kwe
Continuative (連用形)	蹴ゑ	くゑ	kwe
Terminal (終止形)	蹴ゑる	くゑる	kweru
Attributive (連体形)	蹴ゑる	くゑる	kweru
Realis (已然形)	蹴ゑれ	くゑれ	kwere
Imperative (命令形)	蹴ゑよ	くゑよ	kweyo
Key constructions
Negative	蹴ゑず	くゑず	kwezu
Contrasting conjunction	蹴ゑれど	くゑれど	kweredo
Causal conjunction	蹴ゑれば	くゑれば	kwereba
Conditional conjunction	蹴ゑば	くゑば	kweba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	蹴ゑき	くゑき	kweki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	蹴ゑけり	くゑけり	kwekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	蹴ゑつ	くゑつ	kwetu
Perfect tense (natural event)	蹴ゑぬ	くゑぬ	kwenu
Perfect-continuative tense	蹴ゑたり	くゑたり	kwetari
Volitional	蹴ゑむ	くゑむ	kwemu