ꜣq

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑk/
  • Conventional anglicization: aq

Verb

 2-lit. or 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive, of people, things, and lands) to perish, to die, to fall to ruin [since the Middle Kingdom]
2. (intransitive, of strength, fear, things, names, etc.) to fade away, to wane, to dwindle
3. (intransitive, of mass) to be lost in the process of cooking
4. (intransitive, of the heart/mind) to become forgetful
5. (intransitive, of the arm) to become lame

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣq (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ꜣq, geminated stem: ꜣqq

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜣq	ꜣqw, ꜣq	ꜣqt	ꜣq, j.ꜣq	ꜣq, j.ꜣq

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜣq	ḥr ꜣq	m ꜣq	r ꜣq

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ꜣq.n	consecutive	ꜣq.jn
terminative	ꜣqt
perfective3	ꜣq	obligative1	ꜣq.ḫr
imperfective	ꜣq, j.ꜣq1
prospective3	ꜣq	potentialis1	ꜣq.kꜣ
subjunctive	ꜣq, j.ꜣq1

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ꜣq.n	—	—
perfective	ꜣq	ꜣq	ꜣqq, ꜣqqj6, ꜣq2, ꜣqw2 5, ꜣqy2 5
imperfective	j.ꜣq1, ꜣq, ꜣqy, ꜣqw5	j.ꜣq1, j.ꜣqw1 5, ꜣq, ꜣqj6, ꜣqy6	ꜣq, ꜣqw5
prospective	ꜣq, ꜣqtj7	ꜣqtj4, ꜣqt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Hoch instead considers this a third weak verb:

Conjugation of ꜣqj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣq, geminated stem: ꜣqq

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜣqt, ꜣqj	ꜣqw, ꜣq	ꜣqt, ꜣqwt, ꜣqyt	ꜣq	ꜣq, ꜣqy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜣq8, ꜣqq8	ḥr ꜣqt, ḥr ꜣqj	m ꜣqt, m ꜣqj	r ꜣqt, r ꜣqj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ꜣq.n	consecutive	ꜣq.jn
terminative	ꜣqt, ꜣqyt
perfective3	ꜣq	obligative1	ꜣq.ḫr
imperfective	ꜣq, ꜣqy
prospective3	ꜣqw, ꜣq, ꜣqy	potentialis1	ꜣq.kꜣ
subjunctive	ꜣq, ꜣqy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ꜣq.n	—	—
perfective	ꜣqw1, ꜣqy, ꜣq	ꜣq	ꜣqy, ꜣq
imperfective	ꜣqq, ꜣqqy, ꜣqqw5	ꜣqq, ꜣqqj6, ꜣqqy6	ꜣqq, ꜣqqw5
prospective	ꜣqw1, ꜣqy, ꜣq, ꜣqtj7	ꜣqwtj1 4, ꜣqtj4, ꜣqt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣq  

ꜣq	ꜣqꜣ	jq
[New Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
	in hieratic

Derived terms

• ꜣqyt
• ꜣqw

Descendants

Compounded with ḏjt, infinitive of rḏj:

• ⇒ Demotic: djt ꜣq (“to cause to perish”)
  • Coptic: ⲧⲁⲕⲟ (tako, “to destroy”)

References

• “ꜣq (lemma ID 290)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 21.11–21.20
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 6
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 184
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 242