풍기다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean ᄲᅮᆷ기〮다〮 (Yale: spwùm-kí-tá), a derived passive form of Middle Korean ᄲᅮᆷ〮다〮 (spwúmtá) (whence Korean 뿜다 (ppumda)).

However, Middle Korean 품기〮다〮 (phwùm-kí-tá), a variant attested in the 16th century, is the likely direct ancestor of the modern form.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰuŋɡida̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [풍기다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	punggida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	punggida
McCune–Reischauer?	p'unggida
Yale Romanization?	phungkita

Verb

풍기다 • (punggida) (infinitive 풍겨 or 풍기어, sequential 풍기니)

1. (ergative, of odor, dust, etc.) to spread (into the air)

   그 꽃에서는 독특한 향기가 풍겼다.

   Geu kkoch-eseo-neun dokteuk-han hyanggi-ga punggyeotda.

   The flower gave forth a distinct aroma.

   (literally, “From the flower spread a distinct aroma.”)

   차가 먼지를 풍기며 우리를 지나갔다.

   Cha-ga meonji-reul punggimyeo uri-reul jinagatda.

   A car passed us by as it left a trail of dust [behind].

2. (ergative, of a feeling or quality, figuratively) to give off or to be given off

   그녀에게서 자신감이 물씬 풍겼다.

   Geunyeo-egeseo jasin'gam-i mulssin punggyeotda.

   She exuded confidence.

   (literally, “From her, confidence was strongly given off.”)

   방은 넓었고 호화로운 분위기를 풍겼다.

   Bang-eun neolbeotgo hohwa-roun bunwigi-reul punggyeotda.

   The room was spacious and had an air of luxury about it.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 풍기다 (punggida): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	풍긴다 pungginda	풍겨 punggyeo	풍겨요, 풍기어요 punggyeoyo, punggieoyo	풍깁니다 punggimnida
	Past	풍겼다 punggyeotda	풍겼어 punggyeosseo	풍겼어요 punggyeosseoyo	풍겼습니다 punggyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	풍기느냐 punggineunya	풍겨 punggyeo	풍겨요, 풍기어요 punggyeoyo, punggieoyo	풍깁니까 punggimnikka
	Past	풍겼느냐 punggyeonneunya	풍겼어 punggyeosseo	풍겼어요 punggyeosseoyo	풍겼습니까 punggyeotseumnikka
Hortative		풍기자 punggija	풍겨 punggyeo	풍겨요, 풍기어요 punggyeoyo, punggieoyo	풍기십시다 punggisipsida
Imperative		풍겨라, 풍기어라 punggyeora, punggieora	풍겨 punggyeo	풍겨요, 풍기어요 punggyeoyo, punggieoyo	풍깁시오 punggipsio
Assertive		풍기겠다 punggigetda	풍기겠어 punggigesseo	풍기겠어요 punggigesseoyo	풍기겠습니다 punggigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		풍겨 punggyeo	풍겨서, 풍기어서 punggyeoseo, punggieoseo	풍기니 punggini	풍기니까 pungginikka
Contrast		풍기지만 punggijiman	풍기는데 punggineunde	풍기더니 punggideoni
Conjunction		풍기고 punggigo
Condition		풍기면 punggimyeon	풍겨야, 풍기어야 punggyeoya, punggieoya
Motive		풍기려고 punggiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		풍김 punggim	풍기기 punggigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		풍겼음, 풍기었음 punggyeosseum, punggieosseum	풍겼기, 풍기었기 punggyeotgi, punggieotgi
Determiners	Past	풍긴 punggin
	Present	풍기는 punggineun
	Future	풍길 punggil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	풍기신다 punggisinda	풍기셔 punggisyeo	풍기세요, 풍기셔요 punggiseyo, punggisyeoyo	풍기십니다 punggisimnida
	Past	풍기셨다 punggisyeotda	풍기셨어 punggisyeosseo	풍기셨어요 punggisyeosseoyo	풍기셨습니다 punggisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	풍기시느냐 punggisineunya	풍기셔 punggisyeo	풍기세요, 풍기셔요 punggiseyo, punggisyeoyo	풍기십니까 punggisimnikka
	Past	풍기셨느냐 punggisyeonneunya	풍기셨어 punggisyeosseo	풍기셨어요 punggisyeosseoyo	풍기셨습니까 punggisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		풍기시라 punggisira	풍기셔 punggisyeo	풍기세요 punggiseyo	풍기십시오 punggisipsio
Assertive		풍기시겠다 punggisigetda	풍기시겠어 punggisigesseo	풍기시겠어요 punggisigesseoyo	풍기시겠습니다 punggisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		풍기셔 punggisyeo	풍기셔서 punggisyeoseo	풍기시니 punggisini	풍기시니까 punggisinikka
Contrast		풍기시지만 punggisijiman	풍기시는데 punggisineunde	풍기시더니 punggisideoni
Conjunction		풍기시고 punggisigo
Condition		풍기시면 punggisimyeon	풍기셔야 punggisyeoya
Motive		풍기시려고 punggisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		풍기심 punggisim	풍기시기 punggisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		풍기셨음 punggisyeosseum	풍기셨기 punggisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	풍기신 punggisin
	Present	풍기시는 punggisineun
	Future	풍기실 punggisil