𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaˈbrikan/

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 • (gabrikan) (perfective)

1. to break
   • Mark 5:4:

     𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐍆𐍄𐌰 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌼 𐌱𐌹 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌼 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌰𐍆 𐍃𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐍉𐍃 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐍉 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌼 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐌽𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽.

     untē is ufta eisarnam bi fōtuns gabuganaim jah naudibandjōm eisarneinaim gabundans was jah galausida af sis þōs naudibandjōs jah þō ana fōtum eisarna gabrak, jah manna ni mahta ina gatamjan.

     Because that he had been often bound with fetters and chains, and the chains had been plucked asunder by him, and the fetters broken in pieces: neither could any man tame him. (KJV)

   • Mark 8:6:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌸 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌼𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌹; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌽 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍄𐌲𐌰𐍆 𐍃𐌹𐍀𐍉𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼, 𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍄𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂 𐌸𐍉 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽.

     jah anabauþ þizai managein anakumbjan ana airþai; jah nimands þans sibun hlaibans jah awiliudōnds gabrak jah atgaf sipōnjam seinaim, ei atlagidēdeina faur; jah atlagidēdun faur þō managein.

     And he commanded the people to sit down on the ground: and he took the seven loaves, and gave thanks, and brake, and gave to his disciples to set before them; and they did set them before the people. (KJV)

   • Mark 8:19a:

     𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌼, 𐍈𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍉𐍃 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍉𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐍉 𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌴𐌼𐌿𐌸?

     þan þans fimf hlaibans gabrak fimf þusundjōm, ƕan managōs tainjōns fullōs gabrukō usnēmuþ?

     When I brake the five loaves among five thousand, how many baskets full of fragments took ye up?

   • Luke 9:16:

     𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍃, 𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌳𐌿 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐍆 𐍃𐌹𐍀𐍉𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌳𐌿 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽.

     nimands þan þans fimf hlaibans jah twans fiskans, insaiƕands du himina gaþiuþida ins jah gabrak jah gaf sipōnjam du faurlagjan þizai managein.

     Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed them, and brake, and gave to the disciples to set before the multitude. (KJV)

   • 1 Corinthians 11:24:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌵𐌰𐌸: 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌸, 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐌸, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐍃𐍄 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽, 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍉; 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹.

     jah awiliudōnds gabrak jah qaþ: nimiþ, matjiþ, þata ist leik mein, þata in izwara gabrukanō; þata waurkjaiþ du meinai gamundai.

     And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. (KJV)

2. to throw down
   • Luke 9:42a:

     𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌷 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌳𐌿𐌰𐍄𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰, 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐍃𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍄𐌰𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌰.

     þaruh nauhþan duatgaggandin imma, gabrak ina sa unhulþa jah tahida.

     And as he was yet a coming, the devil threw him down, and tare him. (KJV)

3. to bruise
   • Luke 9:39:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌰𐌹, 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌰 𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌺𐍃 𐌷𐍂𐍉𐍀𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍄𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐍈𐌰𐌸𐍉𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 𐌰𐍆 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌽𐌰.

     jah sai, ahma nimiþ ina unhrains jah anaks hrōpeiþ jah tahjiþ ina miþ ƕaþōn jah halisaiw aflinniþ af imma gabrikands ina.

     And, lo, a spirit taketh him, and he suddenly crieth out; and it teareth him that he foameth again, and bruising him hardly departeth from him.

Conjugation

Class 4 strong
Infinitive	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 gabrikan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰 gabrika	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺 gabrak	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 gabrikada
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌹𐍃 gabrikis	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺𐍄 gabrakt	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌶𐌰 gabrikaza
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌸 gabrikiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺 gabrak	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰 gabrikada
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍉𐍃 gabrikōs	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌿 gabrēku	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍃 gabrikats	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌿𐍄𐍃 gabrēkuts	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌼 gabrikam	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌿𐌼 gabrēkum	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gabrikanda
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌸 gabrikiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌿𐌸 gabrēkuþ	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gabrikanda
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳 gabrikand	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌿𐌽 gabrēkun	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gabrikanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌿 gabrikau	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌿 gabrēkjau	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrikaidau
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃 gabrikais	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 gabrēkeis	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gabrikaizau
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹 gabrikai	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌹 gabrēki	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrikaidau
1st dual	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gabrikaiwa	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gabrēkeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gabrikaits	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gabrēkeits	—
1st plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gabrikaima	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gabrēkeima	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrikaindau
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌸 gabrikaiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌸 gabrēkeiþ	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrikaindau
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gabrikaina	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gabrēkeina	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrikaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺 gabrik
3rd singular	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrikadau
2nd dual	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍃 gabrikats
2nd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌸 gabrikiþ
3rd plural	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gabrikandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gabrikands	𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍃 gabrukans

Derived terms

• 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌰 (gabruka)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 23