𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰 (frijaþwa) +‎ *𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*mildeis, “mild”), from Proto-Germanic *mildijaz. Calque of Ancient Greek φιλόστοργος (philóstorgos). This lemma may also be given as frijaþwamildeis based on its derivation; intervocalic -j- is sometimes omitted in Gothic spelling, as in the single attestation of this term, but it is etymological and visible in most cases. Some sources reconstruct the second part of this lemma as *𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐍃 (*milds) (the attested form is ambiguous).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfri.(j)aθ.waˌmil.diːs/

Adjective

𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 • (friaþwamildeis)

1. (hapax) feeling kind affection
   • Romans 12:10:

     𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐌱𐍉𐌽 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹; 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃

     brōþralubōn in izwis missō friaþwamildjai; swēriþai izwis missō faurarahnjandans

     be kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in honour preferring one another (KJV)

Declension

Ja-stem
Strong (indefinite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 friaþwamildeis	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌹 friaþwamildi	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌹, 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐌰 friaþwamildi, friaþwamildjata
Accusative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰 friaþwamildjana	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰 friaþwamildja	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌹, 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐍄𐌰 friaþwamildi, friaþwamildjata
Genitive	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 friaþwamildeis	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 friaþwamildjaizōs	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 friaþwamildeis
Dative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 friaþwamildjamma	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 friaþwamildjai	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 friaþwamildjamma
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹 friaþwamildjai	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 friaþwamildjōs	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰 friaþwamildja
Accusative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 friaþwamildjans	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃 friaþwamildjōs	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰 friaþwamildja
Genitive	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 friaþwamildjaizē	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 friaþwamildjaizō	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 friaþwamildjaizē
Dative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼 friaþwamildjaim	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼 friaþwamildjaim	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼 friaþwamildjaim
Weak (definite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰 friaþwamildja	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉 friaþwamildjō	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉 friaþwamildjō
Accusative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 friaþwamildjan	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌽 friaþwamildjōn	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉 friaþwamildjō
Genitive	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍃 friaþwamildjins	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 friaþwamildjōns	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌹𐌽𐍃 friaþwamildjins
Dative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌹𐌽 friaþwamildjin	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌽 friaþwamildjōn	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌹𐌽 friaþwamildjin
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 friaþwamildjans	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 friaþwamildjōns	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌰 friaþwamildjōna
Accusative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍃 friaþwamildjans	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍃 friaþwamildjōns	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌰 friaþwamildjōna
Genitive	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌴 friaþwamildjanē	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌽𐍉 friaþwamildjōnō	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌴 friaþwamildjanē
Dative	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 friaþwamildjam	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌼 friaþwamildjōm	𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼 friaþwamildjam

Related terms

• 𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 (unmildeis, “not mild; unkind”)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 38