Citations:subreplacement

English citations of subreplacement

Adjective: "(demography, of a birth rate) below the level needed to maintain the current population"

						1993	2008 2010 2011
ME «	15th c.	16th c.	17th c.	18th c.	19th c.	20th c.	21st c.

• 1993 — Jacob S. Siegel, A Generation of Change: A Profile of America's Older Population, Russell Sage Foundation (1993), →ISBN, page 28:

  The population of the United States is moving toward and will attain zero population growth (ZPG) about the middle of the next century under conditions of continuing subreplacement fertility (1.9 children per woman), moderate net immigration (450,000 per year), and moderately declining mortality.

• 2008 — Robert Engelman, More: Population, Nature, and What Women Want, Island Press (2008), →ISBN, page 238:

  Thanks to immigration, the population momentum of past growth, and young age structures, the populations of most countries with subreplacement fertility are still growing.

• 2010 — Annice D. Yarber & Paul M. Sharp, Focus on Single-Parent Families: Past, Present, and Future, ABC-CLIO (2010), →ISBN, page 5:

  In spite of the great inertia of pronatalist forces, subreplacement fertility is the norm in Western industrial societies, and the processes underlying the long-term decline seem far from exhausted.

• 2011 — James W. White, Mirrors of Memory: Culture, Politics, and Time in Paris and Tokyo, University of Virginia Press (2011), →ISBN, page 219:

  The other is the fact that the population of Japan has begun to shrink, the result of years of subreplacement birth rates.