Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galīkāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ga- +‎ *līkāną.

Verb

*galīkāną

1. to please

Inflection

Conjugation of *galīkāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*galīkō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*galīkaisi	?	*galīkai	*galīkāsai	?
3rd singular	*galīkaiþi	?	*galīkāþau	*galīkāþai	?
1st dual	*galīkōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*galīkāþiz	?	*galīkāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*galīkāmaz	?	—	*galīkānþai	?
2nd plural	*galīkaiþ	?	*galīkaiþ	*galīkānþai	?
3rd plural	*galīkānþi	?	*galīkānþau	*galīkānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*galīkadǭ	*galīkadēdį̄
2nd singular	*galīkadēz	*galīkadēdīz
3rd singular	*galīkadē	*galīkadēdī
1st dual	*galīkadēdū	*galīkadēdīw
2nd dual	*galīkadēdudiz	*galīkadēdīdiz
1st plural	*galīkadēdum	*galīkadēdīm
2nd plural	*galīkadēdud	*galīkadēdīd
3rd plural	*galīkadēdun	*galīkadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*galīkāndz	*galīkadaz

Usage notes

Judging from Gothic evidence, the difference between the base verb *līkāną and this verb seems to have only been one of transitivity. The former could take an object in the dative, while the latter was intransitive only. Other than that the meanings were pretty much identical.

Descendants

This verb often merged with *līkāną. Below are listed only those that might have descended from this verb.

• Proto-West Germanic: *galīkēn
  • Old English: ġelīcian
  • Old Saxon: *gilīkōn
    • Middle Low German: gelīken
  • Old Dutch: gilīkon
  • Old High German: gilīhhēn
    • Middle High German: gelīchen
• Old Norse: líka (*ga- was often lost in Old Norse)
  • Icelandic: líka
  • Faroese: líka
  • Norwegian: like
  • Swedish: lika
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (galeikān)