Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ganāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *ganōną

Etymology

According to Kroonen this stative verb is backformed from an original nasal-present Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂-néh₂-, which is derived from the root *ǵʰeh₂- and suffix *-néh₂-.

Alternatively it could be derived from the noun *ganaz (“yawn”) +‎ *-āną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑ.nɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*ganāną

1. to gape, yawn
2. to gaze, stare

Inflection

Conjugation of *ganāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*ganō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*ganaisi	?	*ganai	*ganāsai	?
3rd singular	*ganaiþi	?	*ganāþau	*ganāþai	?
1st dual	*ganōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*ganāþiz	?	*ganāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*ganāmaz	?	—	*ganānþai	?
2nd plural	*ganaiþ	?	*ganaiþ	*ganānþai	?
3rd plural	*ganānþi	?	*ganānþau	*ganānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*ganadǭ	*ganadēdį̄
2nd singular	*ganadēz	*ganadēdīz
3rd singular	*ganadē	*ganadēdī
1st dual	*ganadēdū	*ganadēdīw
2nd dual	*ganadēdudiz	*ganadēdīdiz
1st plural	*ganadēdum	*ganadēdīm
2nd plural	*ganadēdud	*ganadēdīd
3rd plural	*ganadēdun	*ganadēdīn
	present	past
participles	*ganāndz	*ganadaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ganēn
  • Old Frisian: *jania
    • North Frisian: jåne
    • Saterland Frisian: jaanje, joanje
  • Old Saxon: *ganōn
    • Middle Low German: jānen
      • German Low German: jahnen
• Old Norse: gana
• >? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan)
  • → Latin: gano
    • Aragonese: ganar
    • Old Leonese: [Term?]
      • Asturian: ganar
      • Leonese: ganare
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: gãar, guaanhar, gaanhar; gaar
      • Galician: gañar
      • Portuguese: ganhar
    • Old Spanish: ganar
      • Ladino: ganar
      • Spanish: ganar