Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halbaz

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Unknown.[1] Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut”) (through a sense ‘divided’), and cognate with Sanskrit कॢप् (kḷp, “to manage, succeed, be fit”) (though Kroonen is skeptical due to the wide semantic gap),[2] or from a stem *ḱol-bʰo-, and cognate with Lithuanian šalìs (“side, strip of land”).[3] Alternatively, a recent theory suggests borrowing from Proto-Finnic *halpa, *halba- (“cheap, reduced”) (compare Finnish halpa (“cheap”), Estonian halb (“bad”))[4], itself possibly from Proto-Germanic *salwaz (“sallow, dirty”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

*halbaz

  1. half

Inflection[edit]

Declension of *halbaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *halbaz *halbai *halbō *halbôz *halbą, -atō *halbō
Accusative *halbanǭ *halbanz *halbǭ *halbōz *halbą, -atō *halbō
Genitive *halbas, -is *halbaizǫ̂ *halbaizōz *halbaizǫ̂ *halbas, -is *halbaizǫ̂
Dative *halbammai *halbaimaz *halbaizōi *halbaimaz *halbammai *halbaimaz
Instrumental *halbanō *halbaimiz *halbaizō *halbaimiz *halbanō *halbaimiz
Weak declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *halbô *halbaniz *halbǭ *halbōniz *halbô *halbōnō
Accusative *halbanų *halbanunz *halbōnų *halbōnunz *halbô *halbōnō
Genitive *halbiniz *halbanǫ̂ *halbōniz *halbōnǫ̂ *halbiniz *halbanǫ̂
Dative *halbini *halbammaz *halbōni *halbōmaz *halbini *halbammaz
Instrumental *halbinē *halbammiz *halbōnē *halbōmiz *halbinē *halbammiz


Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*halba-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 204
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xalƀaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
  3. ^ American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots
  4. ^ Hyllested, Adam (2014) Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact (PhD. dissertation)‎[2], Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, pages 103–105
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