Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hugjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. See *hugiz for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxuɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hugjaną

1. to think, consider

Inflection

Conjugation of *hugjaną (weak class 3 j-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hugjō	*hugjaų	—	—	—
2nd singular	*hugaisi	*hugjais	*hugai	—	—
3rd singular	*hugaiþi	*hugjai	*hugjaþau	—	—
1st dual	*hugjōs	*hugjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hugjaþiz	*hugjaiþiz	*hugjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hugjamaz	*hugjaim	—	—	—
2nd plural	*hugaiþ	*hugjaiþ	*hugaiþ	—	—
3rd plural	*hugjanþi	*hugjain	*hugjanþau	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hugdǭ	*hugdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hugdēz	*hugdēdīz
3rd singular	*hugdē	*hugdēdī
1st dual	*hugdēdū	*hugdēdīw
2nd dual	*hugdēdudiz	*hugdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hugdēdum	*hugdēdīm
2nd plural	*hugdēdud	*hugdēdīd
3rd plural	*hugdēdun	*hugdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hugjandz	*hugdaz

Related terms

• *hugiz
• *hugōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *huggjan
  • Old English: hyċġan
    • Middle English: huyen, hoyen
      • Scots: huik
  • Old Saxon: huggian
    • Middle Low German: hugen, hogen, hügen, hȫgen
      • Low German: högen
  • Old Dutch: *huggen, *gihuggen
    • Middle Dutch: hogen, gehogen
      • Dutch: heugen, geheugen
      • Afrikaans: geheue
  • Old High German: bihuggen, gihuggen
• Old Norse: hyggja
  • Icelandic: hyggja
  • Faroese: hyggja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: hyggja, hygga
  • Old Swedish: hyggia
    • Swedish: hygga
  • Old Danish: hyggæ
    • Danish: hygge
      • Norwegian Bokmål: hygge
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hugjan)