Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōkô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gag- ~ *gōg- (“round, ball-shaped object; lump; clump”), but this reconstruction is obsolete in view of modern laryngeal theory as well as semantically gratuitous. Proto-Indo-European *geh₂g- or similar is possible, with the zero grade seen in the synonym *kakǭ, but external cognates are unknown. Possibly a sound-symbolic invention.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔː.kɔːː/

Noun

*kōkô m

1. cake

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *kōkô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kōkô	*kōkaniz
vocative	*kōkô	*kōkaniz
accusative	*kōkanų	*kōkanunz
genitive	*kōkiniz	*kōkanǫ̂
dative	*kōkini	*kōkammaz
instrumental	*kōkinē	*kōkammiz

Derived terms

• *kōkilaz

Related terms

• *kakǭ

Descendants

• Old English: *cōca
• Old Frisian: *kōka
  • Saterland Frisian: Kouke
  • West Frisian: koeke
• Old Saxon: *kōko, *koko
  • Middle Low German: kôke, kûke
    • German Low German: Kook
      • ⇒ German Low German: Kookje (diminutive)
    • → Estonian: kook
    • → Latvian: kūka
• Old Dutch: *kuoko
  • Middle Dutch: coeke
    • Dutch: koek
      • Afrikaans: koek
        • → Sotho: kuku
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: kuku
      • Jersey Dutch: kuk
      • → Sranan Tongo: kuku
        • → Lokono: kuku
        • → Aukan: kuku
        • → Caribbean Hindustani: kuku
        • → Caribbean Javanese: kuku
        • → Kwinti: kúku
        • → Saramaccan: kúku
      • ⇒ Dutch: koekje, koekie (diminutive)
        • → English: cookie (see there for further descendants)
        • Negerhollands: koeki, kuki, kukkie
    • Limburgish: kook
    • → Bourguignon: couque
    • → French: couque
      • French: cocagne
        • →? English: Cockaigne
    • → Picard: couque
• Old High German: kuohho, kuocho, chuohho
  • Middle High German: kuoche
    • Alemannic German: Chueche
    • Bavarian: Kuacha, Kuachn
    • Central Franconian:

      Eiflerisch: Kooche

      Hunsrik: Kughe

      Luxembourgish: Kuch

    • East Central German:

      Erzgebirgisch: Kugn

      Meißnisch: Kuchn

      Osterländisch: Guchn

      Vilamovian: kücha

    • East Franconian:

      Lower East Franconian: Kuache, Kuachn

      Southern East Franconian: Kuacha

      Upper East Franconian: Kuchn, Kougn

    • German: Kuchen
      • → English: kuchen
      • → Esperanto: kuko
        • Ido: kuko
      • → Japanese: クーヘン (kūhen)
      • → Kashubian: kùch
      • → Portuguese: cuca, cuque
      • → Spanish: kuchen
    • Rhine Franconian: Kuche
      • Frankfurterisch: [kʰuxə]
      • Lorraine Franconian: Küeche
        • → French: quiche
          • → Danish: quiche
          • → Dutch: quiche
          • → English: quiche
            • → Japanese: キッシュ (kisshu)
            • → Korean: 키슈 (kisyu), 키쉬 (kiswi)
          • → Esperanto: kiŝo
          • → German: Quiche
          • → Greek: κις (kis)
          • → Polish: quiche, kisz
          • → Portuguese: quiche
          • → Russian: киш (kiš)
          • → Spanish: quiche
          • → Swedish: quiche
          • → Thai: กิช (gìch)
      • Pennsylvania German: Kuche
    • Yiddish: קוכן (kukhn)
• Old Norse: *kóki
  • Norwegian: kok (dialectal)