Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/siduz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. On the suggestion that the meaning "custom" developed from "band, bond", Kroonen tentatively reconstructs Pre-Germanic *sh₂itús (“bond, rule, tradition”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂y- (“to bind”).

Another possibility, though implausible because it would require *swid-, lies in derivation from Proto-Indo-European *swedʰ- (“wont, habit, custom”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, “character; custom, habit”), Sanskrit स्वधा (svadhā, “wont, custom, pleasure”), Latin suēscō (“grow accustomed, habituate, acclimate, train”), Latin sodālis (“mate, companion, comrade”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ðuz/

Noun

*siduz m

1. custom, habit, practice
2. conduct

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *siduz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*siduz	*sidiwiz
vocative	*sidu	*sidiwiz
accusative	*sidų	*sidunz
genitive	*sidauz	*sidiwǫ̂
dative	*sidiwi	*sidumaz
instrumental	*sidū	*sidumiz

Derived terms

• *sidulausaz
• *sidugaz
• *sidusamaz
• *sidōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *sidu
  • Old English: sidu, seodu
    • Middle English: side
  • Old Frisian: side
    • North Frisian: side, sede
    • Saterland Frisian: Sidde
    • West Frisian: sede
  • Old Saxon: sidu
    • Middle Low German: side
  • Old Dutch: sido
    • Middle Dutch: sēde
      • Dutch: zede
  • Old High German: situ
    • Middle High German: site
      • German: Sitte
      • Luxembourgish: Sitt
• Old Norse: siðr
  • Icelandic: siður
  • Faroese: siður
  • Norwegian: sed
  • Jamtish: sið
  • Old Swedish: siþer, sedher
    • Swedish: sed
  • Danish: sæd
• Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (sidus)