Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰil-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰil-

1. harmonious, friendly

Reconstruction notes

Potentially an attributive verb "to be harmonious, friendly." Derivations in daughter languages can also be explained as derivations of a verb. This could not reflect an earlier full-grade *bʰeyl- due to the lack of an expected o-grade in *biliz.

Descendants

• *bʰíl-o-s
  • Ancient Greek: φίλος (phílos) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic:
    • Old Irish: bil (“good, mild”)
• *bʰíl-i-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *biliz (see there for further descendants)

References

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*bhili-, *bhilo-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 153-154.
• Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bila-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64

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