Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ewg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂weg-, of which the zero grade *h₂ug- was reanalysed as having the ablaut vowel before the -w- rather than after it, creating a new variant form of the root. The original root remained in use, however.

Root

*h₂ewg-

1. to increase, to enlarge

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ewg-‎ (15 c, 0 e)

• *h₂éwg-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *augtei
    • Latvian: augt
    • Lithuanian: áugti
  • Proto-Germanic: *aukaną (see there for further descendants)
• *h₂ug-s-é-ti
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: αὐξάνω (auxánō) (or rather from *h₂weg-)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hukšáti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hukṣáti
      • Sanskrit: उक्षति (ukṣáti)
• *h₂owg-éye-ti ~ *h₂ewg-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Italic: *augeō (with irregular change o > a) (see there for further descendants)
• *h₂éwg-os ~ *h₂éwg-es-os
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háwǰas (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *augos
    • Latin: augur, ⇒ augustus
• *h₂ug-ró-s (“strong, fierce”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hugrás (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Albanian:
    • Proto-Albanian: *(h)aug-
      • Albanian: ag
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: աճեմ (ačem)
  • Proto-Celtic: *ouxselos (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *ouxs-, *uxs-
    • Old Irish: uas
  • (possibly) Proto-Germanic: *auk (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwakšáyati
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hwaxšáyati
      • Avestan: 𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬍 (uxšiieⁱtī, “grows”), 𐬬𐬀𐬑𐬱𐬙 (vaxšt, “lets grow”)
      • Middle Persian: [script needed] (waxšīdan, “to grow”)
        • Persian: وخشیدن (vaxšidan, “to wax, grow”)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: auxilium (possibly from *aug-s-ili-)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Latvian: augsts
    • Lithuanian: aũkštas, augestis
  • >? Venetic: 𐌀𐌖𐌙𐌀𐌓 (augar)
  • →? Proto-Finnic: *kasvadak (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 258
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 278