Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gr̥Híš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Híš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

Noun

*gr̥Híš m

1. mountain

   Synonym: *káwfš

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (gaⁱri)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (gara), [script needed] (ggari)
  • Wakhi: ɣār (“rock”)
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: γειρο (geiro /⁠ɣīr⁠/), γαρο (garo /⁠ɣar⁠/)
    • Khwarezmian: غریڅیک (ɣarēcīk, “mountain”)
    • Proto-Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: (/⁠γar⁠/)

        Manichaean script: 𐫄𐫡 (ɣr)

        Sogdian script: 𐼲𐽀 (ɣr)

        Syriac script: ܮܪ

      • Yagnobi: ғар (ɣar)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Pathan:
    • Pashto: غر (ɣar)
    • Waneci: غر (ɣar)
  • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
    • Sanglechi: [script needed] (gar)
  • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    • Munji: غار (ɣār)
    • Yidgha: غر (ɣar)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
      • Sarikoli: žer (“stone”)
      • Shughni: з̌ӣр (žīr, “stone”)
    • Yazghulami: ға̄р (ɣār, “stone; rock”)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: گر (gar, “mountain cave”)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: gir

    Central Kurdish: گرد (gird)

  • Parthian:

    Manichaean script: 𐫄𐫡 (ɣr /⁠ɣar⁠/)

  • Ormuri-Parachi
    • Ormuri: [script needed] (g(i)rī)
    • Parachi: ger, gir
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian:

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gl /⁠gar⁠/)

    • ⇒ Middle Persian:
      • Persian: گلشاه (galšâh), گرشاه (garšāh, literally “mountain king”) (family name)
      • Persian: گردیز (gardêz, literally “mountain fortress”), (a city in Afghanistan)