Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/járati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárati.

Verb

*járati ~ *gr̥mánti / *jr̥ntáy ~ *gr̥matáy

1. (transitive) to vex, torment
2. (intransitive) to be angry, upset

Derived terms

• *jartáh
• *járyakah, *járīkah
  • Parthian: (/⁠zarīg⁠/, “sorrow, suffering”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫃 (zryg), 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫞 (zryq)

    • → Middle Persian: (/⁠zarīg⁠/, “sorrow, suffering”)

      Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫃 (zryg)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlyk)

  • Middle Persian: (“sorrow, suffering”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫏𐫄 (dryɣ /⁠darīğ⁠/)

    • → Parthian: (“sorrow, suffering”)

      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫏𐫃 (dryg /⁠darīg⁠/)

• *jāráyati
• *jr̥núš
• *jr̥yáti (secondary imperfective)
  • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *aHjr̥yáti
  • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patijr̥yáti
    • Sogdian:

      Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ptzyrtq /⁠patzēr-⁠/, 3sg.dur.pres.), [Syriac needed] (ptyzyr:nt /⁠patīzir-⁠/, “to torment, afflict”, 3pl.opt.impf.)

• *patijárati
  • Sogdian:

    Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ptzrtq /⁠patzar-⁠/, 3sg.dur.pres.)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: (“to be angry”)

    Old Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬁 (zaranaēmā, 1pl.pres.opt.)

    Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬨𐬀 (zaranima, 1pl.pres.opt.), 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀𐬵𐬈 (graṇtahe, 2sg.pres.med.), 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬋 (graṇtō, nom.sg.)

• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: زورل (zorël, “to vex, torture”)