Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/wacáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás.

Noun

*wacáh

1. yearling calf

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wacáh	*wacā́	*wacā́
vocative	*waca	*wacā́	*wacā́
accusative	*wacám	*wacā́	*wacā́nh
instrumental	*wacā́	*wacáybyaH	*wacā́yš
ablative	*wacā́t	*wacáybyaH	*wacáybyah
dative	*wacā́y	*wacáybyaH	*wacáybyah
genitive	*wacáhya	*wacáyāh	*wacā́nam
locative	*wacáy	*wacáyaw	*wacáyšu

Derived terms

• *wacyakah
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: gîsk

    Central Kurdish: گیسک (gîsk), گێسک (gêsk)

    Southern Kurdish: گیسک (gîsk)

  • Larestani: گیسه (gēsa)
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠wahīg⁠/, “Capricorn sign; kid; he-goat”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫍𐫏𐫃 (whyg)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (whyk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ZZLA)

    • Bakhtiari: بیگ (bīg)
    • Classical Persian: بهی (bahī, “Capricorn sign”) (only in Albiruni works)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    • Sarikoli: wišk
    • → Wakhi: [script needed] (wəšk), [script needed] (wušk)
  • → Proto-Mansi: *wē̮səɣ
    • Northern Mansi: [script needed] (wāsiɣ)

Descendants

• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian: *vasaka
    • Ossetian: вӕс (væs)
    • Sake: vasaka
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (basaka)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ormuri: [script needed] (ɣoskák)
  • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
    • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (wusuk)
    • Sanglechi: [script needed] (wasōk)
  • Yazghulami: в̌ус (wus)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Zaza-Gorani:

    Gurani: گێسک (gēsk)

  • Baluchi: گوسک (gwask)
  • → Old Armenian: Վասակ (Vasak)
• → Proto-Finno-Permic: *wasa
  • Proto-Mordvinic:
    • Erzya: ваз (vaz)
    • Moksha: ваз (vaz)
  • Proto-Samic: *vuosē (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Finnic: *vasa (see there for further descendants)
• → Hungarian: üsző

References

• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “vatsá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
• Edward F. Bryant and Laurie L (2005). Patton, eds. The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History. London and New York: Routledge, P 201