Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥaḳl-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Compare Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (akal), though the correspondence is irregular.

Noun

*ḥaḳl- m or f

1. field

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *ḥaḳl-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḥaḳlum	*ḥaḳlāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*ḥaḳlim	*ḥaḳlayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*ḥaḳlam
possessive forms
1st person	*ḥaḳlī / *ḥaḳlVya	—	*ḥaḳlVni
2nd person m	*ḥaḳlVka	*ḥaḳlVkumā / *ḥaḳlVkumay	*ḥaḳlVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ḥaḳlVki		*ḥaḳlVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ḥaḳlVšu	*ḥaḳlVšumā / *ḥaḳlVšumay	*ḥaḳlVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ḥaḳlVša		*ḥaḳlVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥaḳluya for nom. case, *ḥaḳliya for gen. case, *ḥaḳlaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḥaḳl- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ḥaḳluka *ḥaḳlāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *ḥaḳlika *ḥaḳlayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *ḥaḳlaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḥaḳl- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ḥaḳluki *ḥaḳlāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *ḥaḳliki *ḥaḳlayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *ḥaḳlaki

Femenine:

Declension of *ḥaḳl-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḥaḳlum	*ḥaḳlāna	*ḥaḳlātum
Genitive	*ḥaḳlim	*ḥaḳlayna	*ḥaḳlātim
Accusative	*ḥaḳlam
possessive forms
1st person	*ḥaḳlī / *ḥaḳlVya	—	*ḥaḳlVni
2nd person m	*ḥaḳlVka	*ḥaḳlVkumā / *ḥaḳlVkumay	*ḥaḳlVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ḥaḳlVki		*ḥaḳlVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ḥaḳlVšu	*ḥaḳlVšumā / *ḥaḳlVšumay	*ḥaḳlVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ḥaḳlVša		*ḥaḳlVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥaḳluya for nom. case, *ḥaḳliya for gen. case, *ḥaḳlaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḥaḳl- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ḥaḳluka *ḥaḳlāka *ḥaḳlātuka Genitive *ḥaḳlika *ḥaḳlayka *ḥaḳlātika Accusative *ḥaḳlaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḥaḳl- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ḥaḳluki *ḥaḳlāki *ḥaḳlātuki Genitive *ḥaḳliki *ḥaḳlayki *ḥaḳlātiki Accusative *ḥaḳlaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒀀𒊮 (eqlum, “field, countryside”)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: حَقْل (ḥaql, “field”)
      • Hijazi Arabic: حَقِل (ḥagil, ḥaqil)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: חַקְלָא (ḥaqlā, “field; countryside”)
        • Classical Syriac: ܚܰܩܠܳܐ (ḥaqlā, “field; countryside”)
    • Old South Arabian:
      • Old South Arabian: 𐩢𐩤𐩡 (ḥql, “field, countryside”)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Ge'ez: ሐቅል (ḥäḳl, “field, plain; countryside”)