Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěpa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*ě̀pa

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēpāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *oypeh₂.

Baltic cognates include Latvian iẽpa (“blister on the skin”).

Noun

*ě̀pa f

1. burl (on a tree)
2. growth, tumor

Inflection

Declension of *ě̀pa (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ě̀pa	*ěpě	*ěpy
genitive	*ěpy	*ěpu	*ěpъ
dative	*ěpě	*ěpama	*ěpamъ
accusative	*ěpǫ	*ěpě	*ěpy
instrumental	*ěpojǫ, *ěpǫ**	*ěpama	*ěpami
locative	*ěpě	*ěpu	*ěpasъ, *ěpaxъ*
vocative	*ě̀po	*ěpě	*ěpy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: я́па (jápa), уя́па (ujápa, “hernia in cattle; burl, tree growth”) (dialectal)
  • Ukrainian: я́па (jápa, “burl, tree growth; tumor in body”) (Eastern and Central Polissian dialect)
    • ⇒ Ukrainian: я́пина (jápyna, “burl”) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Ukrainian: япинува́тий (japynuvátyj, “burl-covered (tree)”) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • ⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ја́пити (“be open (wound or door)”)

    Latin script: jápiti (“be open (wound or door)”)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěpa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 49
• Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1991), “ěpa”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 6 (e! – ěždžь), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 132