Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lomiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lamˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *lemH-, *h₃lemH-.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian lémti (“to decide, to determine”), Latvian lem̃t (“to decide, to determine”), Old Prussian lembtwey, limtwey, limtwei (“to break”).

Per Vasmer, cognate with Old Norse lemja (“to beat”). Compare English lame.

Verb

*lomìti impf

1. to break

Inflection

Conjugation of *lomiti, *lomi, *lomitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*lomľenьje	*lomiti	*lomitъ	*lomilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*lomľenъ	*lomimъ
Active	*lomľь	*lomę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*lomixъ	*lomi	*lomi	*lomľǫ	*lomiši	*lomitь
Dual	*lomixově	*lomista	*lomiste	*lomivě	*lomita	*lomite
Plural	*lomixomъ	*lomiste	*lomišę	*lomimъ	*lomite	*lomętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*lomľaaxъ	*lomľaaše	*lomľaaše	—	*lomi	*lomi
Dual	*lomľaaxově	*lomľaašeta	*lomľaašete	*lomivě	*lomita	—
Plural	*lomľaaxomъ	*lomľaašete	*lomľaaxǫ	*lomimъ	*lomite	—

Notes:
• (*)*lomivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *emexъ (“plowshare”)
• *emešь (“plow(share)”)
• *emežь (“plow(share)”)
• *lemexъ (“plow(share)”)
• *lemešь (“plow(share)”)
• *lemežь (“plow(share)”)
• *lamъ (“hollow, bend”)
• *lomъ (“crowbar; fracture, breakage”)
• *buřelomъ (“windfall (of trees)”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ломити (lomiti)
    • Belarusian: ламі́ць (lamícʹ)
    • Russian: ломи́ть (lomítʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ломи́ти (lomýty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: ломити (lomiti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: ломя́ (lomjá)
  • Macedonian: ломи (lomi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ло̀мити

    Latin script: lòmiti

  • Slovene: lomīti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: lomiti
    • Czech: lomit
  • Polabian: lümĕt
  • Old Polish: łomić
    • Polish: łomić (14th-17th century or dialectal)
  • Slovak: lomiť
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: łomiś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ломи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*lomiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 16 (*lokadlo – *lъživьcь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 16