Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/padežь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Action noun of *pasti (“to fall”) +‎ *-ežь.

Noun

*padežь m

1. fall

   Synonyms: *padъ, *valežь

2. crumbling, downfall, disaster

   Synonym: *opadъkъ

Usage notes

In some contemporary languages, the descendants of this etymon covey the meaning grammatical case. It is a late calque of Ancient Greek πτῶσις (ptôsis) and Latin cāsus.

Declension

Declension of *padežь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*padežь	*padeža	*padeži
genitive	*padeža	*padežu	*padežь
dative	*padežu	*padežema	*padežemъ
accusative	*padežь	*padeža	*padežę̇
instrumental	*padežьmь, *padežemь*	*padežema	*padeži
locative	*padeži	*padežu	*padežixъ
vocative	*padežu	*padeža	*padeži

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: падежь (padežĭ)
    • Russian: падёж (padjóž, “murrain, cattle plague”), dial. па́деж (pádež, “waterfall”)
    • Ukrainian: паді́ж (padíž)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: падєжь (padežĭ)
    • Bulgarian: паде́ж (padéž, “case”)
    • Macedonian: падеж (padež, “case”)
    • Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: па́деж (“case”)

      Latin script: pádež (“case”)

    • → Russian: паде́ж (padéž, “case”)
    • → Polish: padież (“case”) (rarely)
  • Macedonian: падеж (padež, “fall”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: па́деж (“waterfall”)

    Latin script: pádež (“waterfall”)

  • Slovene: pȃdež

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “падеж”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “падеж”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 3