Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sosna
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain. Per Vasmer, Brückner: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”) + *-na due to its dark bark, akin to Latin cānus (“hoary”) and Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”). Per Meillet: alternatively reflects an earlier *sopsna (“resin tree”) from *sap- (“taste”) whence are Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”), Latin sapa (“must”).
An origin from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”) or *ḱeh₃- (“sharp”) is also possible, but according to Vasmer - less plausible.
Noun[edit]
*sōsnà f[1]
Inflection[edit]
Declension of *sosnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sosnà | *sòsně | *sosnỳ |
| genitive | *sosnỳ | *sosnù | *sòsnъ |
| dative | *sosně̀ | *sosnàma | *sosnàmъ |
| accusative | *sosnǫ̀ | *sòsně | *sosnỳ |
| instrumental | *sosnòjǫ, *sòsnǫ** | *sosnàma | *sosnàmī |
| locative | *sosně̀ | *sosnù | *sosnàsъ, *sosnàxъ* |
| vocative | *sosno | *sòsně | *sosnỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)
- West Slavic:
Further reading[edit]
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “сосна”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress