Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/turiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Uncertain:

• Skok: Possibly of expressive or onomatopoeic origin.
• Sobolevsky: Related to Proto-Slavic *turъ (“auroch”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew- (“to strike, to push”). Dismissed by Vasmer.

Verb

*turiti impf (perfective *turnǫti)

1. (East Slavic) to chase, to drive away
2. (South Slavic) to shove, to cast

Alternative forms

• *turati

Inflection

Conjugation of *turiti, *turi, *turitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tuřenьje	*turiti	*turitъ	*turilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tuřenъ	*turimъ
Active	*tuřь	*turę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*turixъ	*turi	*turi	*tuřǫ	*turiši	*turitь
Dual	*turixově	*turista	*turiste	*turivě	*turita	*turite
Plural	*turixomъ	*turiste	*turišę	*turimъ	*turite	*turętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tuřaaxъ	*tuřaaše	*tuřaaše	—	*turi	*turi
Dual	*tuřaaxově	*tuřaašeta	*tuřaašete	*turivě	*turita	—
Plural	*tuřaaxomъ	*tuřaašete	*tuřaaxǫ	*turimъ	*turite	—

Notes:
• (*)*turivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *tyrati, *natyrati (“to chase away”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: туры́ць (turýcʹ)
  • Russian: тури́ть (turítʹ) (dialectal)
  • Ukrainian: тури́ти (turýty)
• South Slavic
  • ⇒ Bulgarian: ту́ркам (túrkam) (dialectal) (+ *-ъkati)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ту̏рити, ту́рати

    Latin script: tȕriti, túrati

  • Slovene: túrati (tonal orthography) (with a-conjugation)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тури́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “турити”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka

Etymology 2

Per Mladenov, possibly of Proto-Balto-Slavic origin, akin to stative Lithuanian turėti (“to have”), Latvian turēt (“to hold”).

Some authors equate the perfective verb with Etymology 1, however, in view of the semantic mismatch between Bulgarian туря́м (turjám, “to put, to place”) versus вту́рвам се (vtúrvam se, “to rush, to dart”) (the later descendant from *turnǫti pf (“to chase”)) the two homophones most likely are unrelated.

Verb

*turiti pf (imperfective *tuřati)

1. (regional) to provide, to put, to set up

Inflection

Conjugation of *turiti, *turi, *turitь (perf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tuřenьje	*turiti	*turitъ	*turilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tuřenъ	—
Active	*tuřь	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*turixъ	*turi	*turi	*tuřǫ	*turiši	*turitь
Dual	*turixově	*turista	*turiste	*turivě	*turita	*turite
Plural	*turixomъ	*turiste	*turišę	*turimъ	*turite	*turętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*turi	*turi
Dual	—	—	—	*turivě	*turita	—
Plural	—	—	—	*turimъ	*turite	—

Notes:
• (*)*turivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Descendants

• South Slavic
  • Bulgarian: ту́ря (túrja)
  • Macedonian: тури (turi)

Further reading

• “turėti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012