Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ʒuga

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Etymology

From *ʒu- +‎ *-ga. Some of descendants, point on the derived form *ʒuganī.

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *jun (“summer”) (Whence Mongolian зун (zun)).

Noun

*ʒuga

1. summer

Declension

Declension of *ʒuga

	Singular
Nominative	*ʒuga
Accusative	*ʒugaba
Genitive	*ʒugaŋī
Dative	*ʒugadua
Locative	*ʒugala
Ablative	*ʒugadiki
Prolative	*ʒugali
Elative	*ʒugagiʒi
Instrumental	*ʒugaʒi
Delative	*ʒugalāki
Directive	*ʒugatiki
Comitative	*ʒugagili

Adverb

*ʒuga

1. in summer

Descendants

• Jurchenic:
  • Jurchen: dʒua, 荘里 (juwari /⁠zhuang-li⁠/)
    • Manchu: ᠵᡠᠸᠠᡵᡳ (juwari)
• Tungusic:
  • North Tungusic:
    • Even: дьугани (ʒugaņi)
    • Evenki: дюгани (ʒugaņi)
    • Negidal: ӡоа (ʒoa)
    • Oroqen: dʒua
    • Solon: ǯụga
  • South Tungusic:
    • Central:
      • Oroch: дюва (žuwa)
      • Udihe: ӡуа (žua)
    • South-Eastern:
      • Nanai: дёа (žoa)
      • Orok: ду́ва (žúwa), ӡу́ва (žúwa)
      • Ulch: дюва (žụwa), дюу̇а (žụa)

See also

Seasons in Proto-Tungusic (layout · text) · category
*nelki (“spring”) *ńeŋńe (“spring”)	*ʒuga (“summer”)	*bola (“autumn”)	*töge (“winter”)

References

• Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 95
• Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, page 268
• Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 187.