Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/čiāk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *čag (“time”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*čiāk

1. time, measure
2. precisely, exactly

Declension

Declension of *čiāk

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*čiāk
Accusative	*čiāknï, *čiākïg 4), *čiāknïg 1)
Genitive	*čiāknïŋ
Dative	*čiākka
Locative	*čiākda
Ablative	*čiākdan
Allative	*čiākgaru
Instrumental 2)	*čiākïn
Equative 2)	*čiākča
Similative 2)	*čiāklayu
Comitative 2)	*čiāklïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• →? Proto-Mongolic: *čag (“time”)
  • Mongolian: цаг (cag)
• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: [script needed] (čox)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: çağ
    • Ottoman Turkish: چاغ (çağ), չաղ (çağ)
      • Turkish: çağ
      • → Armenian: չաղ (čʻaġ)
  • Turkmen: çag
• Karluk:
  • Uzbek: chogʻ
  • Uyghur: چاغ (chagh, “era”)
• Kipchak:
  • Crimean Tatar: çağ
  • Bashkir: саҡ (saq)
  • Tatar: чак (çaq)
  • → Chuvash: чух (čuh)
  • Kazakh: шақ (şaq)
  • Kyrgyz: чак (cak)
• Siberian:
  • Yakut: сах (saq)
  • Tuvan: шак (şak)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*čiāk”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 404