Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/apa

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *ebey (“mother”).

Noun

*apa (Common Turkic)

1. middle-aged elder female
2. mother
3. elder sister
4. aunt

Declension

Declension of *apa (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural2)
nominative	*apa	*apalar
accusative
genitive	*apanïŋ	*apalarnïŋ
dative	*apaka	*apalarka
locative	*apada	*apalarda
ablative	*apadan	*apalardan
instrumental1)		*apalarïn
equative1)	*apača	*apalarča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghuz:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *appa
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (abla)
      • Azerbaijani: aba
      • Ottoman Turkish: ابلا (abla)
        • Turkish: abla, aba
        • → Greek: αμπλά (amplá)
        • → Gulf Arabic: ابلة (abḷa)
        • → Hijazi Arabic: أبلة (ʔabla)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: اپا (apa)
    • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (apa)
      • Chagatai: اپا (apa)
        • Uzbek: opa
        • Uyghur: ئاپا (apa)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: اپا (apa)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: апай (apay)
      • Tatar: апа (apa)
      • → Chuvash: аппа (appa)
      • → Udmurt: апа (apa), апай (apaj)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Karachay-Balkar: аба (aba)
      • Karaim: апай
      • Kumyk: абай (abay)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: апа (apa)
        • Karakalpak: apa
        • Nogai: аба (aba)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: апа (apa)
        • Southern Altai: аба (aba)
  • Siberian:
    • Yenisei Kyrgyz: [script needed] (apa)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan Turkic:
        • Tofa: аба
        • Tuvan: ава (ava)
      • Yenisei Turkic:
        • Shor: абиче

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*apa/ *apa”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill