Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/arpa

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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Possibly borrowed from Northeastern Iranian,[1][2] from Proto-Iranian *Hr̥pā́š (“barley”), or perhaps Tocharian,[3] both from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰit. Alternatively from *ar- (“to multiply oneself, be numerous”), whence Old Turkic [script needed] (arka, “multitude, crowd”).[4] The term appears to be related to Proto-Mongolic *arbaï (“barley”) as well, possibly through borrowing. Compare also Mongolian арвай (arvaj), Dongxiang apa.[5][6]

Noun[edit]

*arpa[7][2]

  1. barley

Declension[edit]

Declension of *arpa
Singular 3)
Nominative *arpa
Accusative *arpanï, *arpag 4), *arpanïg 1)
Genitive *arpanïŋ
Dative *arpaka
Locative *arpada
Ablative *arpadan
Allative *arpagaru
Instrumental 2) *arpan
Equative 2) *arpača
Similative 2) *arpalayu
Comitative 2) *arpalïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants[edit]

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: урпа (urp̬a)
  • Common Turkic: *arpa

See also[edit]

Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Arpa
Barley
 barley: *arpa
Burçak
Pea
 beans, peas: *burčak
Bodagay
Wheat
 farro, wheat: *bugday
Hünnap
Jujube
 jujube: *yidge
Çilek
Strawberry
 strawberry: *yidgelek
Alma
Apple
 apple: *almïla
Fındık
Hazelnuts
 hazelnut: *bōńurï
Ceviz
Walnuts
 walnut: *yaŋgak
Bal
Honey
 honey: *bạl
Darı
Millet
 millet: *tạrïg
Soğan
Onion
 onion: *sōgun
Tuz
Salt
 salt: *tūŕ
Yumurta
Egg
 egg: *yumurtka
Yağ
Butter
 butter: *yāg
Mantar
Mushroom
 mushroom: *kömbe
Turp
Radish
 radish: *turp, *turma
Havuç
Carrot
 carrot: *turma

Further reading[edit]

  • Hyllested, Adam (2014) Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact‎[4], Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Humanities, pages 32-33

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jokl, Norbert (1911) Studien zur albanesischen Etymologie und Wortbildung (Sitzungsberichte der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 168) (in German), Vienna: A. Hölder, page 90
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dybo, Anna (2014) “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica‎[1], volume 2, page 9
  3. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “?F arpa”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 198b
  4. ^ Tatarincev, B. I. (2000–2008) “Proto-Turkic/arpa”, in Monguš D. A., editor, Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tuvinskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Tuvan Language] (in Russian), Novosibirsk: Nauka
  5. ^ Tokat, Feyza (2014) “On the Common Words in Mongolian and the Turkish Dialects in Turkey”, in The Journal of International Social Research (Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi)‎[2], volume 7, number 32, →ISSN, pages 185-198.
  6. ^ Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎[3], Utrecht: LOT
  7. ^ Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), “*arpa”, in Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, pages 460-461
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