Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kạdï

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Helimski (1995) supposed a loan from < Proto-Samoyedic *kåət, ultimately from Proto-Uralic *kowse.

Noun

*kạdï

1. pine

Declension

Declension of *kạdï

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kạdï
Accusative	*kạdïnï, *kạdïg 4), *kạdïnïg 1)
Genitive	*kạdïnïŋ
Dative	*kạdïka
Locative	*kạdïda
Ablative	*kạdïdan
Allative	*kạdïgaru
Instrumental 2)	*kạdïn
Equative 2)	*kạdïča
Similative 2)	*kạdïlayu
Comitative 2)	*kạdïlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• *kara-kạdï
  • Khakas: харахазы (xaraxazı)
• *kạdïgan
  • Yakut: кытыан (kıtıan)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: хыр (hyr)
• Common Turkic:

• Siberian:
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: хады
      • Tuvan: хады (xadı)
    • Yeniseian:
      • Khakas: хазы (xazı)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kạdɨ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 291-292
• Helimski, E. 1995. "Samoyedic loans in Turkic: Check-list of etymologies." — B. Kellner-Heinkele, M. Stachowski (eds.): Laut- und Wortgeschichte der Türksprachen, pp. 75–95. Turkologica 26. Wiesbaden.