Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kugu

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Ultimately onomatopoeic. Akin to Proto-Tungusic *kūku (“swan”).

Noun

*kugu

1. (Common Turkic) swan

Declension

Declension of *kugu (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural2)
nominative	*kugu	*kugular
accusative
genitive	*kugunïŋ	*kugularnïŋ
dative	*kuguka	*kugularka
locative	*kuguda	*kugularda
ablative	*kugudan	*kugulardan
instrumental1)		*kugularïn
equative1)	*kuguča	*kugularča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: qu
    • Ottoman Turkish: قوغو
      • Turkish: kuğu
      • Gagauz: kuu
  • Turkmen: guw
• Karluk:
  • Uzbek: quv
  • Uyghur: قۇ (qu)
• Kypchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Tatar: [script needed] (quu)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Kumyk: қуу
    • Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (quw)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (quw)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: quw
      • Kazakh: қу (qu)
      • Nogai: кув (kuv)
    • Kyrgyz–Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: куу (kuu)
      • Southern Altai: куу (kuu)
• Siberian:
  • Yenisei Kyrgyz: [Term?] (quɣu)
  • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰆𐰍𐰆 (quǧu /⁠quɣu⁠/)
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (quɣu)
  • North Siberian:
    • >? Yakut: куба (kuba)
    • >? Dolgan: куба
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: куу (kuu)
      • Tofa: ӄуу
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: хуу (xuu)
      • Shor: қуу

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kuğu:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 609
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kugu”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill