Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ordu

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Uncertain, however usually considered simplex. EDAL suggests a derivation from a hypothetical *or- verb suggesting *orun (“place”) and *ortu (“middle”) as cognates, however a derivation *or-du would have yielded *ortu not *ordu.

The rather uncommon consonant cluster *-rd- may also indicate a borrowing from an unknown source. Dybo suggests that the word is borrowed from Mongolic rather than the other way around.

Noun

*ordu

1. royal camp, palace
2. (military) army camp

Declension

Declension of *ordu

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*ordu
Accusative	*ordunï, *ordug 4), *ordunïg 1)
Genitive	*ordunïŋ
Dative	*orduka
Locative	*orduda
Ablative	*ordudan
Allative	*ordugaru
Instrumental 2)	*ordun
Equative 2)	*orduča
Similative 2)	*ordulayu
Comitative 2)	*ordulugu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Xiong-nu:
  • → Old Chinese: 甌脫 (ōutuō)
• → Classical Mongolian: ᠣᠷᠳ᠋ᠤ (ordu)
  • Mongolian: орд (ord)
• → Kalmyk: орда (orda)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: ordu
    • Ottoman Turkish: اردو
      • Turkish: ordu
      • → Arabic: عُرْضِيّ (ʕurḍiyy)
        • → Amharic: ዕርድ (ʿərd)
        • → Tigre: ዕርዲ (ʿərdi)
        • → Tigrinya: ዕርዲ (ʿərdi)
  • Turkmen: orda
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: اردو (ordu)
    • → Urdu: اُردُو (urdū, “Urdu language, camp, army”)
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (ordu)
    • Uzbek: orda
    • Uyghur: ئوردا (orda)
• Kipchak:
  • → Middle French: horde
  • → German: Horde
  • → Polish: horda
  • → Russian: орда (orda, “horde, clan, troop”)
  • → English: horde
  • → Macedonian: орда (orda)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: урда (urda)
    • Tatar: урда (urda)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Karaim: [script needed] (ordu)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: orda
      • Kazakh: орда (orda)
      • Nogai: орда (orda)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: ордо (ordo)
      • Southern Altai: орды (ordï)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰆 (ordu)
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ordu)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Yakut: ордуу (orduu)
    • Dolgan: онну
  • South Kipchak:
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: [script needed] (orda)

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 124
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 203
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎^[3] (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 452, page 32
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ordu”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*or-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[4], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 364