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Proto-Turkic [ edit ]
Alternative reconstructions [ edit ]
*tȫg-
( transitive ) to hit , beat
Conjugation [ edit ]
Conjugation of *tȫg- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
Positive
infinitive
*tȫgmek
participle
present
*tȫggen , tȫgügme , tȫger
past
*tȫgdük , tȫgmiš
future
*tȫgdeči , tȫgmekči , tȫgsik , tȫgeček
verbal noun
*tȫgme , tȫgüg , tȫggü
way of doing
*tȫgüš
singular
plural
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
*ben
*sen
*ol
*biz
*siz
*olar
indicative
aorist
*tȫger ben
*tȫger sen
*tȫger
*tȫger biz
*tȫger siz
*tȫger
past
simple
*tȫgdüm
*tȫgdüŋ
*tȫgdi
*tȫgdük , tȫgdümüz
*tȫgdüŋüz
*tȫgdi
inferential
*tȫgmiš ben
*tȫgmiš sen
*tȫgmiš
*tȫgmiš biz
*tȫgmiš siz
*tȫgmiš
future
simple
*tȫgdeči ben , tȫgmekči ben , tȫgeček ben
*tȫgdeči sen , tȫgmekči sen , tȫgeček sen
*tȫgdeči , tȫgmekči , tȫgeček
*tȫgdeči biz , tȫgmekči biz , tȫgeček biz
*tȫgdeči siz , tȫgmekči siz , tȫgeček siz
*tȫgdeči , tȫgmekči , tȫgeček
predictive
*tȫggey ben
*tȫggey sen
*tȫggey
*tȫggey biz
*tȫggey siz
*tȫggey
necessitive
*tȫgsüküm
*tȫgsüküŋ
*tȫgsük
*tȫgsükümüz
*tȫgsüküŋüz
*tȫgsük
conditional
*tȫgsem , tȫgser ben
*tȫgseŋ , tȫgser sen
*tȫgse , tȫgser
*tȫgsek , tȫgsemiz , tȫgser biz
*tȫgseŋiz , tȫgser siz
*tȫgseler , tȫgser
optative
*tȫggey ben
*tȫggey sen
*tȫggey
*tȫggey biz
*tȫggey siz
*tȫggey
progressive
*tȫgmekde ben
*tȫgmekde sen
*tȫgmekde
*tȫgmekde biz
*tȫgmekde siz
*tȫgmekde
necessitative
*tȫgmelig ben
*tȫgmelig sen
*tȫgmelig
*tȫgmelig biz
*tȫgmelig siz
*tȫgmelig
imperative
*tȫgeyin
*tȫg , tȫggil
*tȫgzün
*tȫgelim
*tȫgüŋ
*tȫgzün
Negative
infinitive
*tȫgmemek
participle
present
*tȫgmegen , tȫgmegme , tȫgmez
past
*tȫgmedük , tȫgmemiš
future
*tȫgmeči , tȫgmesik , tȫgmeyeček
verbal noun
*tȫgmeme , tȫgmeg , tȫgmegü
way of doing
*tȫgmeyüš
singular
plural
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
*ben
*sen
*ol
*biz
*siz
*olar
indicative
aorist
*tȫgmez ben
*tȫgmez sen
*tȫgmez
*tȫgmez biz
*tȫgmez siz
*tȫgmez
past
simple
*tȫgmedüm
*tȫgmedüŋ
*tȫgmedi
*tȫgmedük , tȫgmedümüz
*tȫgmedüŋüz
*tȫgmedi
inferential
*tȫgmemiš ben
*tȫgmemiš sen
*tȫgmemiš
*tȫgmemiš biz
*tȫgmemiš siz
*tȫgmemiš
future
simple
*tȫgmeči ben , tȫgmeyeček ben
*tȫgmeči sen , tȫgmeyeček sen
*tȫgmeči , tȫgmeyeček
*tȫgmeči biz , tȫgmeyeček biz
*tȫgmeči siz , tȫgmeyeček siz
*tȫgmeči , tȫgmeyeček
predictive
*tȫgmegey ben
*tȫgmegey sen
*tȫgmegey
*tȫgmegey biz
*tȫgmegey siz
*tȫgmegey
necessitive
*tȫgmesüküm
*tȫgmesüküŋ
*tȫgmesük
*tȫgmesükümüz
*tȫgmesüküŋüz
*tȫgmesük
conditional
*tȫgmesem , tȫgmeser ben
*tȫgmeseŋ , tȫgmeser sen
*tȫgmese , tȫgmeser
*tȫgmesek , tȫgmesemiz , tȫgmeser biz
*tȫgmeseŋiz , tȫgmeser siz
*tȫgmeseler , tȫgmeser
optative
*tȫgmegey ben
*tȫgmegey sen
*tȫgmegey
*tȫgmegey biz
*tȫgmegey siz
*tȫgmegey
progressive
*tȫgmemekde ben
*tȫgmemekde sen
*tȫgmemekde
*tȫgmemekde biz
*tȫgmemekde siz
*tȫgmemekde
necessitative
*tȫgmemelig ben
*tȫgmemelig sen
*tȫgmemelig
*tȫgmemelig biz
*tȫgmemelig siz
*tȫgmemelig
imperative
*tȫgmeyeyin
*tȫgme , tȫgmegil
*tȫgmezün
*tȫgmeyelim
*tȫgmeyiŋ
*tȫgmezün
Derived terms [ edit ]
⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tȫg-ün ( “ mark, brand ” )
Descendants [ edit ]
Proto-Oghuz: *tȫg-
Karluk:
Karakhanid: [script needed] ( tögmēk )
Kipchak:
North Kipchak:
West Kipchak:
Crimeaic Kipchak:
Karachay-Balkar: тюйюрге ( tüyürge )
Kumyk: тюймек ( tüymek )
South Kipchak:
References [ edit ]
Clauson, Gerard (1972 ) “tö:g-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish , Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 477
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002– ) “dövmek ”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Sevortjan, E. V. (1980 ) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages ] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 270
Räsänen, Martti (1969 ) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 492
Starostin, Sergei , Dybo, Anna , Mudrak, Oleg (2003 ) “*düg-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1] , Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill