Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yās

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

*yās

1. loss, damage, harm
2. shame

Declension

Declension of *yās

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yās
Accusative	*yāsnï, *yāsïg 4), *yāsnïg 1)
Genitive	*yāsnïŋ
Dative	*yāska
Locative	*yāsda
Ablative	*yāsdan
Allative	*yāsgaru
Instrumental 2)	*yāsïn
Equative 2)	*yāsča
Similative 2)	*yāslayu
Comitative 2)	*yāslïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

In many daughter languages it was influenced by unrelated Arabic يَأْس (yaʔs).

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫос (śos)
    • → Hungarian: gyász
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: yas
    • Ottoman Turkish:
      • Turkish: yas
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (yas)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: [script needed] (yas)
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yas)

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2015-03-05) “yas”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ya:s”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 973
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jās”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill