Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þingijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *þingijaną.

Verb

*þingijan

1. to believe, trust
2. to hope

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*þingijan
1st sg. past	*þingidā
Infinitive	*þingijan
Genitive infin.	*þingijannjas
Dative infin.	*þingijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*þingijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*þingiju	*þingidā
2nd singular	*þingisi	*þingidēs, *þingidōs
3rd singular	*þingiþi	*þingidē, *þingidā
1st plural	*þingijum	*þingidum
2nd plural	*þingiþ	*þingidud
3rd plural	*þingijanþ	*þingidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*þingijē	*þingidī
2nd singular	*þingijēs	*þingidī
3rd singular	*þingijē	*þingidī
1st plural	*þingijēm	*þingidīm
2nd plural	*þingijēþ	*þingidīd
3rd plural	*þingijēn	*þingidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*þingi
Plural	*þingiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*þingijandī	*þingid

Descendants

• ⇒ Old Saxon: giþingian
• ⇒ Old Dutch: giþingen
• Old High German: dingen
  • Middle High German: dingen

Etymology 2

From *þing (“meeting, case, matter”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*þingijan

1. to hold a meeting, address, discuss

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*þingijan
1st sg. past	*þingidā
Infinitive	*þingijan
Genitive infin.	*þingijannjas
Dative infin.	*þingijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*þingijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*þingiju	*þingidā
2nd singular	*þingisi	*þingidēs, *þingidōs
3rd singular	*þingiþi	*þingidē, *þingidā
1st plural	*þingijum	*þingidum
2nd plural	*þingiþ	*þingidud
3rd plural	*þingijanþ	*þingidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*þingijē	*þingidī
2nd singular	*þingijēs	*þingidī
3rd singular	*þingijē	*þingidī
1st plural	*þingijēm	*þingidīm
2nd plural	*þingijēþ	*þingidīd
3rd plural	*þingijēn	*þingidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*þingi
Plural	*þingiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*þingijandī	*þingid

Related terms

• *þingōn

Descendants

• Old English: þingan
  • Middle English: thingen (likely conflated with the descendant of *þingōn)
• ⇒ Old Saxon: farthingian
• Old High German: dingen
  • Middle High German: dingen (likely conflated with the descendant of *þingōn)
    • German: dingen