Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/balu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *balwaz.

Adjective

*balu

2. bad, evil, wicked

Inflection

wa-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*balu
Genitive	*balwas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*balu	*balu	*balu
Accusative	*balwanā	*balwā	*balu
Genitive	*balwas	*balweʀā	*balwas
Dative	*balumē	*balweʀē	*balumē
Instrumental	*balu	*balweʀu	*balu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*balwē	*balwō	*balu
Accusative	*balwā	*balwā	*balu
Genitive	*balweʀō	*balweʀō	*balweʀō
Dative	*balwēm, *balum	*balwēm, *balum	*balwēm, *balum
Instrumental	*balwēm, *balum	*balwēm, *balum	*balwēm, *balum

Derived terms

• *balwōn

Descendants

• Old English: bealu, bealuful, bealodǣd (< *balwadēdiz)
  • Scots: balefull, bailfull
  • English: baleful
• Old Frisian: *balu
• Old Saxon: *balu-, baluhugdig (< *balwa-hugd-īgaz), balodād (< *balwadēdiz)
  • Middle Low German: bal-, bale-
    • Low German: bale-
• ⇒ Old Dutch: *balodāt (< *balwadēdiz)
  • Middle Dutch: *bal(e)dadich, baeldadichede
    • Dutch: baldadig, balorig, balsturig
• Old High German: balotāt (< *balwadēdiz)
  • Middle High German: *bale, *bal (in derivatives: balheit, balrāt, etc.)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *balwą.

Noun

*balu n

2. evil, evilness, wickedness
3. harm, misfortune

Inflection

Neuter wa-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*balu
Genitive	*balwas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*balu	*balu
Accusative	*balu	*balu
Genitive	*balwas	*balwō
Dative	*balwē	*balum
Instrumental	*balu	*balum

Derived terms

• *balwōn

Descendants

• Old English: bealo
  • Middle English: balu (stem: bal(e)w-), bale
    • English: bale
• Old Saxon: balo
  • Middle Low German: *bal (in balwen (verb))
• Old High German: balo
  • Middle High German: bale