Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/dumb

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dumbaz.

Adjective

*dumb (comparative *dumbiʀō, superlative *dumbist)

1. dumb, mute

   Synonym: *stumm

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*dumb
Genitive	*dumbas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*dumb	*dumbu	*dumb
Accusative	*dumbanā	*dumbā	*dumb
Genitive	*dumbas	*dumbeʀā	*dumbas
Dative	*dumbumē	*dumbeʀē	*dumbumē
Instrumental	*dumbu	*dumbeʀu	*dumbu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*dumbē	*dumbō	*dumbu
Accusative	*dumbā	*dumbā	*dumbu
Genitive	*dumbeʀō	*dumbeʀō	*dumbeʀō
Dative	*dumbēm, *dumbum	*dumbēm, *dumbum	*dumbēm, *dumbum
Instrumental	*dumbēm, *dumbum	*dumbēm, *dumbum	*dumbēm, *dumbum

Derived terms

• *dumbēn

Descendants

• Old English: dumb
  • Middle English: dumb
    • Scots: dumb
    • English: dumb
• Old Frisian: dumb
  • North Frisian: dom, domme
  • Saterland Frisian: dum
  • West Frisian: dom
• Old Saxon: dumb
  • Middle Low German: dum
    • Low German: dumm
• Old Dutch: dumb
  • Middle Dutch: dom, dumb, domb, dum
    • Dutch: dom
      • Afrikaans: dom
      • Berbice Creole Dutch: dum
      • Negerhollands: dom, dum
      • → Sranan Tongo: don (see there for further descendants)
    • Limburgish: dómb
• Old High German: tumb
  • Middle High German: tump
    • German: dumm (Central German), tumb (Upper German, archaic)
    • Hunsrik: dumm
    • Luxembourgish: domm