Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/grūwēn
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Unclear, perhaps ultimately an imitative derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”),[1] or instead from *gʰer- (“to rub, stroke, grind”).[2]
Verb[edit]
*grūwēn
- to be frightened, to be horrified
Inflection[edit]
| Class 3 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *grūwēn | |
| 1st sg. past | *grūw?dā | |
| Infinitive | *grūwēn | |
| Genitive infin. | *grūwēnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *grūwēnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *grūwēniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *grūwē | *grūw?dā |
| 2nd singular | *grūwēs | *grūw?dēs, *grūw?dēs |
| 3rd singular | *grūwēþ | *grūw?dē, *grūw?dā |
| 1st plural | *grūwēm | *grūw?dum |
| 2nd plural | *grūwēþ | *grūw?dud |
| 3rd plural | *grūwēnþ | *grūw?dun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *grūwē | *grūw?dī |
| 2nd singular | *grūwēs | *grūw?dī |
| 3rd singular | *grūwē | *grūw?dī |
| 1st plural | *grūwēm | *grūw?dīm |
| 2nd plural | *grūwēþ | *grūw?dīd |
| 3rd plural | *grūwēn | *grūw?dīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *grūwē | |
| Plural | *grūwēþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *grūwēndī | *grūw?d |
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “gruwen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 460, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 460