Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skip

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *skipą.

Noun

*skip n

1. ship
2. (Elbe Germanic) any hollow or concave manmade object
3. (Elbe Germanic) vessel, tub

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*skip
Genitive	*skipas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*skip	*skipu
Accusative	*skip	*skipu
Genitive	*skipas	*skipō
Dative	*skipē	*skipum
Instrumental	*skipu	*skipum

Reconstruction notes

The more general sense of hollowed-out objects is possibly inherited from pre-Germanic and a relic from before the meaning narrowed to “ship”, as this is a common semantic shift among many languages and would furthermore fit the etymology (whether it is Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, carve”) or Latin scyphus (“cup, vessel”)).

Derived terms

• *skipōn

Descendants

• Old English: sċip, sċyp
  • Middle English: schip, schup
    • Scots: ship, schip
    • English: ship
      • → Esperanto: ŝipo
• Old Frisian: skip
  • North Frisian: schap (Mooring), Skep (Sylt)
  • Saterland Frisian: Skip, Schip
  • West Frisian: skip
• Old Saxon: skip
  • Middle Low German: schip, schep
    • Low German: Schipp
      • German Low German: Schipp, Schip
      • Plautdietsch: Schepp
• Old Dutch: *skip, scip
  • Middle Dutch: schip, schep
    • Dutch: schip
      • Afrikaans: skip
    • Limburgish: sjeep
• Old High German: skif, skef
  • Middle High German: schif, schef
    • Bavarian: Schiff, Scheff
    • Central Franconian: Scheff, Schöff, Schoff (all < MHG schif)
      • Luxembourgish: Schëff
    • German: Schiff
    • Yiddish: שיף (shif)
  • → Old Italian: schifo
    • Italian: schifo
    • ⇒ English: skeevy
    • ⇒ English: skeeve
    • → Middle French: esquif
      • French: esquif
      • → Middle English: skif
        • English: skiff
          • → Russian: скиф (skif)