achãar

See also: achaar

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

• achaar

Etymology

Attested since the 13th century, used by Alfonso X, from Latin applānāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.t͡ʃã.aɾ/

Verb

achãar

1. (transitive) to level
   • 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV., Oviedo, page 134:

     et derribarõlles toda a obra et achãarõna em maneyra que toda afezerõ ygoal cõ aoutra terra, et [quaerom] os gigantes todos que estauã em çima labrando agrande pressa, et quaerom todos em terra et morrerõ que nõ ficou nẽgũ viuo, et sayo deles o sangre, et espargiosse porla terra, et andaua bolindo cõmo viuo et envolujasse ẽno poluo da terra

     and they toppled their whole work and they levelled it so that all was the same with the other ground, and all of the giants that were on top working in a great hurry, they fell to the ground and died, so that none was left alive, and the blood came out of them, and it scattered along the ground, and it was moving as if alive, and it was revolving in the dust of the ground

2. (transitive) to raze
   • 1395, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, page 532:

     Et por ende nóslos deuemos destroýr et cofonder per força, et deytalos fora da terra, et desherdalos, et achãar as torres et os muros, et queymar et derribar os paaços et as casas, et abaixar a çidade toda, ca assý noslo an prometudo os dioses, et outorgarõ, et nos segurarõ ende ben.

     And so we must destroy them, and to forcibly ruin them, and to throw them out of the land, and to disinherit them, and raze the towers and the walls, and burn and topple the palaces and the houses, and to humble the whole city, because that was promised to us by the gods, and they granted this to us, and they assured us fortune on this

Conjugation

    Conjugation of achãar

infinitive		simple		achãar
		compound		infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
gerund		simple		achãando
		compound		gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		achãado		achãada
		feminine		achãados		achãadas
present participle				achãante		achãantes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	achão	achãas	achãa	achãamos	achãades	achãam3, achãan4
	imperfect	achãava	achãavas	achãava	achãavamos	achãavades	achãavam3, achãavan4
	preterite	achãei	achãaste3, achãasche4	achãou	achãamos	achãastes	achãarom3, achãaron4
	pluperfect	achãara	achãaras	achãara	achãaramos	achãarades	achãaram3, achãaran4
	future	achãarei	achãarás	achãará	achãaremos	achãaredes	achãarám3, achãarán4
	conditional	achãaría	achãarías	achãaría	achãariamos	achãariades	achãaríam3, achãarían4
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	present imperfect	imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	achãe	achães	achãe	achãemos	achãedes	achãem3, achãen4
	preterite	achãasse	achãasses	achãasse	achãássemos	achãássedes	achãassem3, achãassen4
	future	achãar	achãares	achãar	achãarmos	achãardes	achãarem3, achãaren4
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	achãa	achãe	achãemos	achãade	—
negative		—	non achães	non achãe	non achãemos	non achãedes	—
personal infinitive		eu	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
		achãar	achãares	achãar	achãarmos	achãardes	achãarem3, achãaren4
1 Its alternative form aver can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". 3 Less common in Galicia 4 Less common in Portugal

Related terms

• chão

Descendants

• Galician: achandar, achaiar
• Portuguese: achanar

References

• “achãar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “achaar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.