animosus

Latin

Etymology 1

From animus (“mind, soul; courage, will”) +‎ -ōsus.

Adjective

animōsus (feminine animōsa, neuter animōsum, comparative animōsior, superlative animōsissimus, adverb animōsē); first/second-declension adjective

1. courageous/full of courage, brave, bold, undaunted
2. adamant, determined, wilful
3. aggressive, ardent, fervent, vehement
4. prideful, proud
5. angry, wrathful

   Synonyms: furiōsus, īrātus

6. irritable, predisposed to anger

   Synonym: īrācundus

7. elated, euphoric, joyful, jubilant

   Synonyms: exsultāns, iūbilāns

8. enthusiastic, spirited, vehement, vigorous

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	animōsus	animōsa	animōsum		animōsī	animōsae	animōsa
Genitive	animōsī	animōsae	animōsī		animōsōrum	animōsārum	animōsōrum
Dative	animōsō		animōsō		animōsīs
Accusative	animōsum	animōsam	animōsum		animōsōs	animōsās	animōsa
Ablative	animōsō	animōsā	animōsō		animōsīs
Vocative	animōse	animōsa	animōsum		animōsī	animōsae	animōsa

Derived terms

• animōsē
• animōsitās

Descendants

• Catalan: animós
• Italian: animoso
• Portuguese: animoso
• Spanish: animoso

Etymology 2

From anima (“air, breeze, breath; soul, spirit, life”) +‎ -ōsus.

Adjective

animōsus (feminine animōsa, neuter animōsum, comparative animōsior, superlative animōsissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. spirited
   • c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 1.19:

     ...animum autem alii animam, ut fere nostri declarat nomen: nam et agere animam et efflare dicimus et animosos...

     ...some would have the soul, or spirit, to be the anima, as our schools generally agree; and indeed the name signifies as much, for we use the expressions animam agere, to live; animam efflare, to expire; animosi, men of spirit...

2. full of air, airy
3. full of life, alive, living, animated

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	animōsus	animōsa	animōsum		animōsī	animōsae	animōsa
Genitive	animōsī	animōsae	animōsī		animōsōrum	animōsārum	animōsōrum
Dative	animōsō		animōsō		animōsīs
Accusative	animōsum	animōsam	animōsum		animōsōs	animōsās	animōsa
Ablative	animōsō	animōsā	animōsō		animōsīs
Vocative	animōse	animōsa	animōsum		animōsī	animōsae	animōsa

References

• “animosus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “animosus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• animosus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.