btꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /bɛtɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: beta

Noun

 m

1. immoral act, wrongdoing, sin [since the Book of the Dead]

   ― jwtj btꜣ.f ― innocent (person), (person) with no sins

   ― jrt btꜣ r.sn ― to commit a sin against them

   ― btꜣ ꜥꜣ n m(w)t ― an evil deed deserving of death (literally, “evil deed great unto death”)

   • c. 1250 BCE, Book of the Dead of Ani (British Museum EA10470) chapter 30B, speech of Thoth, column 6–7:

     nj gm.n.tw btꜣ.f nb

     No sin of his has been found.

2. illegal act, crime
3. harm, misfortune

Usage notes

This word is commonly found with an attached suffix pronoun referring to the perpetrator of the wrong in question. In Late Egyptian it generally takes the article pꜣ.

Inflection

Declension of btꜣ (masculine)

singular	btꜣ
dual	btꜣwj
plural	btꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of btꜣ  

btꜣ	btꜣ

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive, Late Egyptian) to do wrong, to sin, to be(come) guilty of evil deeds

Noun

 m

1. evildoer, wrongdoer, criminal [18th Dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of btꜣ (masculine)

singular	btꜣ
dual	btꜣwj
plural	btꜣw

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 483–484.13
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 85