calquer

English

Etymology

calque +‎ -er

Noun

calquer (plural calquers)

1. One who calques.
   • 2002, Manfred Görlach, Still More Englishes, page 144:

     This term became popular from the late 1960s onwards, languages being neatly divided between borrowers and calquers.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kal.ke/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

calquer

1. to model, to imitate, to copy
2. to trace, to copy onto a sheet of paper superimposed over the original, by drawing over its lines

Conjugation

Conjugation of calquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	calquer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	calquant /kal.kɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		calqué /kal.ke/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	calque /kalk/	calques /kalk/	calque /kalk/	calquons /kal.kɔ̃/	calquez /kal.ke/	calquent /kalk/
	imperfect	calquais /kal.kɛ/	calquais /kal.kɛ/	calquait /kal.kɛ/	calquions /kal.kjɔ̃/	calquiez /kal.kje/	calquaient /kal.kɛ/
	past historic2	calquai /kal.ke/	calquas /kal.ka/	calqua /kal.ka/	calquâmes /kal.kam/	calquâtes /kal.kat/	calquèrent /kal.kɛʁ/
	future	calquerai /kal.kə.ʁe/	calqueras /kal.kə.ʁa/	calquera /kal.kə.ʁa/	calquerons /kal.kə.ʁɔ̃/	calquerez /kal.kə.ʁe/	calqueront /kal.kə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	calquerais /kal.kə.ʁɛ/	calquerais /kal.kə.ʁɛ/	calquerait /kal.kə.ʁɛ/	calquerions /kal.kə.ʁjɔ̃/	calqueriez /kal.kə.ʁje/	calqueraient /kal.kə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	calque /kalk/	calques /kalk/	calque /kalk/	calquions /kal.kjɔ̃/	calquiez /kal.kje/	calquent /kalk/
	imperfect2	calquasse /kal.kas/	calquasses /kal.kas/	calquât /kal.ka/	calquassions /kal.ka.sjɔ̃/	calquassiez /kal.ka.sje/	calquassent /kal.kas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	calque /kalk/	—	calquons /kal.kɔ̃/	calquez /kal.ke/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• calque
• décalquer

Further reading

• “calquer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.