castellum

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin castellum. Doublet of cashel, castell, castle, and château.

Noun

castellum (plural castella or castellums)

1. (historical) A small Roman detached fort or fortlet used as a watch tower or signal station.

Dutch

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin castellum. Doublet of kasteel, chateau, Kessel, Castilië, ketella, and telo.

Pronunciation

• Audio

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Noun

castellum n (plural castella or castellums, diminutive castellumpje n)

1. (historical) castellum

Further reading

• castellum on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^nl

Latin

castellum

Etymology

From castrum (“fort”) +‎ -lum (diminutive suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /kasˈtel.lum/, [käs̠ˈt̪ɛlːʲʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /kasˈtel.lum/, [käsˈt̪ɛlːum]

Noun

castellum n (genitive castellī); second declension

1. castle, fort, citadel, fortress, stronghold
2. (figuratively) a shelter, stronghold, defence, refuge
3. a structure in which the water of an aqueduct is collected, to be distributed by pipes or channels in different directions; a reservoir

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	castellum	castella
Genitive	castellī	castellōrum
Dative	castellō	castellīs
Accusative	castellum	castella
Ablative	castellō	castellīs
Vocative	castellum	castella

Derived terms

• castilium

Descendants

• Dalmatian: castial
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: châtél
  • Old French: chastel, castel; chatel
    • Angevin: châtiau
    • Bourguignon: chaîteâ
    • Franc-Comtois: tchaîtiâ
    • Lorrain: tchestia
    • Middle French: chasteau (see there for further descendants)
    • Norman: châté, câté, câtel
    • Picard: câtieu, câtiau (Picardie, Nord-Pas-de-Calais)
    • Poitevin-Saintongeais: châtea
    • Walloon: tchestea
    • → Middle Dutch: casteel (see there for further descendants)
    • → Middle English: castel (see there for further descendants)
    • → Middle Irish: caistél
      • Irish: caistéal
      • Manx: cashtal
      • Scottish Gaelic: caisteal
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: castiello
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: castelo
    • Fala: castelu
    • Galician: castelo
    • Portuguese: castelo (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Leonese: *castiellu
    • Asturian: castiellu, castiyu
    • Extremaduran: castillu
    • Leonese: castiellu
    • Mirandese: castielho
  • Old Spanish: castiello
    • Ladino: kastilyo
    • Spanish: castillo (see there for further descendants)
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: casteddu
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: castellu
  • Italian: castello
    • → Albanian: kështjellë, këshqel
    • →? Maltese: kastell
    • → Ottoman Turkish: كستل (kestel)
    • → Interlingua: castello
  • Neapolitan: castiello
  • Sicilian: casteḍḍu
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: cjiscjel, cjistiel; čhisčhel
  • Piedmontese: castel
  • Romagnol: castèl
  • Romansch: chastè, casti
  • Venetian: casteło, castel, casteo
  • → Hungarian: kastély
    • → Romanian: coștei
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: castell
    • → English: castell
    • → Spanish: castell
  • Gascon: castèth
  • Old Occitan: castel
    • Occitan:

      Auvergnat: chastèl

      Languedocien: castèl

      Provençal: castèu

      Vivaro-Alpine: chastèu

• Romanian: castel
• → Albanian: kështjel, këshqel
• → Aramaic: קַסְטֵל (qasṭēl)
  • → Arabic: قَسْطَل (qasṭal)
• → Dutch: castellum (learned)
• → English: castellum (learned)
• → Old Irish: caisel
  • Irish: caiseal
    • → English: cashel
  • Scottish Gaelic: caiseal
• → Proto-Brythonic: *kastell (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-West Germanic: *kastell (see there for further descendants)

References

• “castellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “castellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• castellum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• castellum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “castellum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “castellum”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly