Egyptian [ edit ]
Etymology [ edit ]
From Proto-Afroasiatic *ṭVwl- ( “ long, far ” ) ; compare Arabic طَوِيل ( ṭawīl , “ tall, long ” ) .[1]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
3-lit.
( transitive ) to stretch out
( intransitive ) to be(come) stretched out
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of dwn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: dwn , geminated stem: dwnn
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
dwn
dwnw , dwn
dwnt
dwn
dwn
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
dwn
ḥr dwn
m dwn
r dwn
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
dwn.n
dwnw , dwn
consecutive
dwn.jn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
dwnt
perfective 3
dwn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
obligative1
dwn.ḫr
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
dwn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
dwn
dwnn
potentialis1
dwn.kꜣ
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
dwn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
dwn.n
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
—
—
perfective
dwn
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
dwn
dwn , dwnw 5 , dwny 5
imperfective
dwn , dwny , dwnw 5
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
dwn , dwnj 6 , dwny 6
dwn , dwnw 5
prospective
dwn , dwntj 7
—
dwntj 4 , dwnt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Descendants [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
↑ 1.0 1.1 Loprieno, Antonio (1995 ) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 32