ethwasa

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /etʰwaːsa/

Verb

-ethwása

1. to emerge anew (of a season, new moon, or personal state)

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukwethwasa
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukwethwasa	ukungethwasi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yethwasa	-ethwase
Plural	yethwasani	-ethwaseni
	Stative
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngethwese	engethwese	ngethwese	angethwese	engingethwese	ngingethwese
2nd singular	wethwese	owethwese	wethwese	awethwese	ongethwese	ungethwese
1st plural	sethwese	esethwese	sethwese	asethwese	esingethwese	singethwese
2nd plural	nethwese	enethwese	nethwese	anethwese	eningethwese	ningethwese
Class 1	wethwese	owethwese	ethwese	akethwese	ongethwese	engethwese
Class 2	bethwese	abethwese	bethwese	abethwese	abangethwese	bengethwese
Class 3	wethwese	owethwese	wethwese	awethwese	ongethwese	ongethwese
Class 4	yethwese	eyethwese	yethwese	ayethwese	engethwese	ingethwese
Class 5	lethwese	elethwese	lethwese	alethwese	elingethwese	lingethwese
Class 6	ethwese	ethwese	ethwese	awethwese	angethwese	engethwese
Class 7	sethwese	esethwese	sethwese	asethwese	esingethwese	singethwese
Class 8	zethwese	ezethwese	zethwese	azethwese	ezingethwese	zingethwese
Class 9	yethwese	eyethwese	yethwese	ayethwese	engethwese	ingethwese
Class 10	zethwese	ezethwese	zethwese	azethwese	ezingethwese	zingethwese
Class 11	lwethwese	olwethwese	lwethwese	alwethwese	olungethwese	lungethwese
Class 14	bethwese	obethwese	bethwese	abethwese	obungethwese	bungethwese
Class 15	kwethwese	okwethwese	kwethwese	akwethwese	okungethwese	kungethwese
Class 17	kwethwese	okwethwese	kwethwese	akwethwese	okungethwese	kungethwese
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyethwasa, ngethwasa	engethwasayo, engethwasa	ngethwasa	angethwasi	engingethwasi	ngingethwasi
2nd singular	uyethwasa, wethwasa	owethwasayo, owethwasa	wethwasa	awethwasi	ongethwasi	ungethwasi
1st plural	siyethwasa, sethwasa	esethwasayo, esethwasa	sethwasa	asethwasi	esingethwasi	singethwasi
2nd plural	niyethwasa, nethwasa	enethwasayo, enethwasa	nethwasa	anethwasi	eningethwasi	ningethwasi
Class 1	uyethwasa, wethwasa	owethwasayo, owethwasa	ethwasa	akethwasi	ongethwasi	engethwasi
Class 2	bayethwasa, bethwasa	abethwasayo, abethwasa	bethwasa	abethwasi	abangethwasi	bengethwasi
Class 3	uyethwasa, wethwasa	owethwasayo, owethwasa	wethwasa	awethwasi	ongethwasi	ungethwasi
Class 4	iyethwasa, yethwasa	eyethwasayo, eyethwasa	yethwasa	ayethwasi	engethwasi	ingethwasi
Class 5	liyethwasa, lethwasa	elethwasayo, elethwasa	lethwasa	alethwasi	elingethwasi	lingethwasi
Class 6	ayethwasa, ethwasa	ethwasayo, ethwasa	ethwasa	awethwasi	angethwasi	engethwasi
Class 7	siyethwasa, sethwasa	esethwasayo, esethwasa	sethwasa	asethwasi	esingethwasi	singethwasi
Class 8	ziyethwasa, zethwasa	ezethwasayo, ezethwasa	zethwasa	azethwasi	ezingethwasi	zingethwasi
Class 9	iyethwasa, yethwasa	eyethwasayo, eyethwasa	yethwasa	ayethwasi	engethwasi	ingethwasi
Class 10	ziyethwasa, zethwasa	ezethwasayo, ezethwasa	zethwasa	azethwasi	ezingethwasi	zingethwasi
Class 11	luyethwasa, lwethwasa	olwethwasayo, olwethwasa	lwethwasa	alwethwasi	olungethwasi	lungethwasi
Class 14	buyethwasa, bethwasa	obethwasayo, obethwasa	bethwasa	abethwasi	obungethwasi	bungethwasi
Class 15	kuyethwasa, kwethwasa	okwethwasayo, okwethwasa	kwethwasa	akwethwasi	okungethwasi	kungethwasi
Class 17	kuyethwasa, kwethwasa	okwethwasayo, okwethwasa	kwethwasa	akwethwasi	okungethwasi	kungethwasi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngethwasile, ngethwasē	engethwasile, engethwasē	ngethwasile, ngethwasē	angethwasanga	engingethwasanga	ngingethwasanga
2nd singular	wethwasile, wethwasē	owethwasile, owethwasē	wethwasile, wethwasē	awethwasanga	ongethwasanga	ungethwasanga
1st plural	sethwasile, sethwasē	esethwasile, esethwasē	sethwasile, sethwasē	asethwasanga	esingethwasanga	singethwasanga
2nd plural	nethwasile, nethwasē	enethwasile, enethwasē	nethwasile, nethwasē	anethwasanga	eningethwasanga	ningethwasanga
Class 1	wethwasile, wethwasē	owethwasile, owethwasē	ethwasile, ethwasē	akethwasanga	ongethwasanga	engethwasanga
Class 2	bethwasile, bethwasē	abethwasile, abethwasē	bethwasile, bethwasē	abethwasanga	abangethwasanga	bengethwasanga
Class 3	wethwasile, wethwasē	owethwasile, owethwasē	wethwasile, wethwasē	awethwasanga	ongethwasanga	ungethwasanga
Class 4	yethwasile, yethwasē	eyethwasile, eyethwasē	yethwasile, yethwasē	ayethwasanga	engethwasanga	ingethwasanga
Class 5	lethwasile, lethwasē	elethwasile, elethwasē	lethwasile, lethwasē	alethwasanga	elingethwasanga	lingethwasanga
Class 6	ethwasile, ethwasē	ethwasile, ethwasē	ethwasile, ethwasē	awethwasanga	angethwasanga	engethwasanga
Class 7	sethwasile, sethwasē	esethwasile, esethwasē	sethwasile, sethwasē	asethwasanga	esingethwasanga	singethwasanga
Class 8	zethwasile, zethwasē	ezethwasile, ezethwasē	zethwasile, zethwasē	azethwasanga	ezingethwasanga	zingethwasanga
Class 9	yethwasile, yethwasē	eyethwasile, eyethwasē	yethwasile, yethwasē	ayethwasanga	engethwasanga	ingethwasanga
Class 10	zethwasile, zethwasē	ezethwasile, ezethwasē	zethwasile, zethwasē	azethwasanga	ezingethwasanga	zingethwasanga
Class 11	lwethwasile, lwethwasē	olwethwasile, olwethwasē	lwethwasile, lwethwasē	alwethwasanga	olungethwasanga	lungethwasanga
Class 14	bethwasile, bethwasē	obethwasile, obethwasē	bethwasile, bethwasē	abethwasanga	obungethwasanga	bungethwasanga
Class 15	kwethwasile, kwethwasē	okwethwasile, okwethwasē	kwethwasile, kwethwasē	akwethwasanga	okungethwasanga	kungethwasanga
Class 17	kwethwasile, kwethwasē	okwethwasile, okwethwasē	kwethwasile, kwethwasē	akwethwasanga	okungethwasanga	kungethwasanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngēthwasa	engēthwasa	ngēthwasa	angethwasanga	engingethwasanga	ngingethwasanga
2nd singular	wēthwasa	owēthwasa	wēthwasa	awethwasanga	ongethwasanga	ungethwasanga
1st plural	sēthwasa	esēthwasa	sēthwasa	asethwasanga	esingethwasanga	singethwasanga
2nd plural	nēthwasa	enēthwasa	nēthwasa	anethwasanga	eningethwasanga	ningethwasanga
Class 1	wēthwasa	owēthwasa	ēthwasa	akethwasanga	ongethwasanga	engethwasanga
Class 2	bēthwasa	abēthwasa	bēthwasa	abethwasanga	abangethwasanga	bengethwasanga
Class 3	wēthwasa	owēthwasa	wēthwasa	awethwasanga	ongethwasanga	ungethwasanga
Class 4	yēthwasa	eyēthwasa	yēthwasa	ayethwasanga	engethwasanga	ingethwasanga
Class 5	lēthwasa	elēthwasa	lēthwasa	alethwasanga	elingethwasanga	lingethwasanga
Class 6	ēthwasa	ēthwasa	ēthwasa	awethwasanga	angethwasanga	engethwasanga
Class 7	sēthwasa	esēthwasa	sēthwasa	asethwasanga	esingethwasanga	singethwasanga
Class 8	zēthwasa	ezēthwasa	zēthwasa	azethwasanga	ezingethwasanga	zingethwasanga
Class 9	yēthwasa	eyēthwasa	yēthwasa	ayethwasanga	engethwasanga	ingethwasanga
Class 10	zēthwasa	ezēthwasa	zēthwasa	azethwasanga	ezingethwasanga	zingethwasanga
Class 11	lwēthwasa	olwēthwasa	lwēthwasa	alwethwasanga	olungethwasanga	lungethwasanga
Class 14	bēthwasa	obēthwasa	bēthwasa	abethwasanga	obungethwasanga	bungethwasanga
Class 15	kwēthwasa	okwēthwasa	kwēthwasa	akwethwasanga	okungethwasanga	kungethwasanga
Class 17	kwēthwasa	okwēthwasa	kwēthwasa	akwethwasanga	okungethwasanga	kungethwasanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingethwasa	—	ngingethwasa	ngingethwase	—	ngingethwase
2nd singular	ungethwasa	—	ungethwasa	ungethwase	—	ungethwase
1st plural	singethwasa	—	singethwasa	singethwase	—	singethwase
2nd plural	ningethwasa	—	ningethwasa	ningethwase	—	ningethwase
Class 1	angethwasa	—	engethwasa	angethwase	—	engethwase
Class 2	bangethwasa	—	bengethwasa	bangethwase	—	bengethwase
Class 3	ungethwasa	—	ungethwasa	ungethwase	—	ungethwase
Class 4	ingethwasa	—	ingethwasa	ingethwase	—	ingethwase
Class 5	lingethwasa	—	lingethwasa	lingethwase	—	lingethwase
Class 6	angethwasa	—	engethwasa	angethwase	—	engethwase
Class 7	singethwasa	—	singethwasa	singethwase	—	singethwase
Class 8	zingethwasa	—	zingethwasa	zingethwase	—	zingethwase
Class 9	ingethwasa	—	ingethwasa	ingethwase	—	ingethwase
Class 10	zingethwasa	—	zingethwasa	zingethwase	—	zingethwase
Class 11	lungethwasa	—	lungethwasa	lungethwase	—	lungethwase
Class 14	bungethwasa	—	bungethwasa	bungethwase	—	bungethwase
Class 15	kungethwasa	—	kungethwasa	kungethwase	—	kungethwase
Class 17	kungethwasa	—	kungethwasa	kungethwase	—	kungethwase
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokwethwasa	engizokwethwasa	ngizokwethwasa	angizukwethwasa	engingezukwethwasa	ngingezukwethwasa
2nd singular	uzokwethwasa	ozokwethwasa	uzokwethwasa	awuzukwethwasa	ongezukwethwasa	ungezukwethwasa
1st plural	sizokwethwasa	esizokwethwasa	sizokwethwasa	asizukwethwasa	esingezukwethwasa	singezukwethwasa
2nd plural	nizokwethwasa	enizokwethwasa	nizokwethwasa	anizukwethwasa	eningezukwethwasa	ningezukwethwasa
Class 1	uzokwethwasa	ozokwethwasa	ezokwethwasa	akazukwethwasa	ongezukwethwasa	engezukwethwasa
Class 2	bazokwethwasa	abazokwethwasa	bezokwethwasa	abazukwethwasa	abangezukwethwasa	bengezukwethwasa
Class 3	uzokwethwasa	ozokwethwasa	uzokwethwasa	awuzukwethwasa	ongezukwethwasa	ungezukwethwasa
Class 4	izokwethwasa	ezokwethwasa	izokwethwasa	ayizukwethwasa	engezukwethwasa	ingezukwethwasa
Class 5	lizokwethwasa	elizokwethwasa	lizokwethwasa	alizukwethwasa	elingezukwethwasa	lingezukwethwasa
Class 6	azokwethwasa	azokwethwasa	ezokwethwasa	awazukwethwasa	angezukwethwasa	engezukwethwasa
Class 7	sizokwethwasa	esizokwethwasa	sizokwethwasa	asizukwethwasa	esingezukwethwasa	singezukwethwasa
Class 8	zizokwethwasa	ezizokwethwasa	zizokwethwasa	azizukwethwasa	ezingezukwethwasa	zingezukwethwasa
Class 9	izokwethwasa	ezokwethwasa	izokwethwasa	ayizukwethwasa	engezukwethwasa	ingezukwethwasa
Class 10	zizokwethwasa	ezizokwethwasa	zizokwethwasa	azizukwethwasa	ezingezukwethwasa	zingezukwethwasa
Class 11	luzokwethwasa	oluzokwethwasa	luzokwethwasa	aluzukwethwasa	olungezukwethwasa	lungezukwethwasa
Class 14	buzokwethwasa	obuzokwethwasa	buzokwethwasa	abuzukwethwasa	obungezukwethwasa	bungezukwethwasa
Class 15	kuzokwethwasa	okuzokwethwasa	kuzokwethwasa	akuzukwethwasa	okungezukwethwasa	kungezukwethwasa
Class 17	kuzokwethwasa	okuzokwethwasa	kuzokwethwasa	akuzukwethwasa	okungezukwethwasa	kungezukwethwasa
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokwethwasa	engiyokwethwasa	ngiyokwethwasa	angiyukwethwasa	engingeyukwethwasa	ngingeyukwethwasa
2nd singular	uyokwethwasa	oyokwethwasa	uyokwethwasa	awuyukwethwasa	ongeyukwethwasa	ungeyukwethwasa
1st plural	siyokwethwasa	esiyokwethwasa	siyokwethwasa	asiyukwethwasa	esingeyukwethwasa	singeyukwethwasa
2nd plural	niyokwethwasa	eniyokwethwasa	niyokwethwasa	aniyukwethwasa	eningeyukwethwasa	ningeyukwethwasa
Class 1	uyokwethwasa	oyokwethwasa	eyokwethwasa	akayukwethwasa	ongeyukwethwasa	engeyukwethwasa
Class 2	bayokwethwasa	abayokwethwasa	beyokwethwasa	abayukwethwasa	abangeyukwethwasa	bengeyukwethwasa
Class 3	uyokwethwasa	oyokwethwasa	uyokwethwasa	awuyukwethwasa	ongeyukwethwasa	ungeyukwethwasa
Class 4	iyokwethwasa	eyokwethwasa	iyokwethwasa	ayiyukwethwasa	engeyukwethwasa	ingeyukwethwasa
Class 5	liyokwethwasa	eliyokwethwasa	liyokwethwasa	aliyukwethwasa	elingeyukwethwasa	lingeyukwethwasa
Class 6	ayokwethwasa	ayokwethwasa	eyokwethwasa	awayukwethwasa	angeyukwethwasa	engeyukwethwasa
Class 7	siyokwethwasa	esiyokwethwasa	siyokwethwasa	asiyukwethwasa	esingeyukwethwasa	singeyukwethwasa
Class 8	ziyokwethwasa	eziyokwethwasa	ziyokwethwasa	aziyukwethwasa	ezingeyukwethwasa	zingeyukwethwasa
Class 9	iyokwethwasa	eyokwethwasa	iyokwethwasa	ayiyukwethwasa	engeyukwethwasa	ingeyukwethwasa
Class 10	ziyokwethwasa	eziyokwethwasa	ziyokwethwasa	aziyukwethwasa	ezingeyukwethwasa	zingeyukwethwasa
Class 11	luyokwethwasa	oluyokwethwasa	luyokwethwasa	aluyukwethwasa	olungeyukwethwasa	lungeyukwethwasa
Class 14	buyokwethwasa	obuyokwethwasa	buyokwethwasa	abuyukwethwasa	obungeyukwethwasa	bungeyukwethwasa
Class 15	kuyokwethwasa	okuyokwethwasa	kuyokwethwasa	akuyukwethwasa	okungeyukwethwasa	kungeyukwethwasa
Class 17	kuyokwethwasa	okuyokwethwasa	kuyokwethwasa	akuyukwethwasa	okungeyukwethwasa	kungeyukwethwasa
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngethwase	ngingethwasi
2nd singular	wethwase	ungethwasi
1st plural	sethwase	singethwasi
2nd plural	nethwase	ningethwasi
Class 1	ethwase	angethwasi
Class 2	bethwase	bangethwasi
Class 3	wethwase	ungethwasi
Class 4	yethwase	ingethwasi
Class 5	lethwase	lingethwasi
Class 6	ethwase	angethwasi
Class 7	sethwase	singethwasi
Class 8	zethwase	zingethwasi
Class 9	yethwase	ingethwasi
Class 10	zethwase	zingethwasi
Class 11	lwethwase	lungethwasi
Class 14	bethwase	bungethwasi
Class 15	kwethwase	kungethwasi
Class 17	kwethwase	kungethwasi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngethwasa	ngangethwasa, angethwasa, angangethwasa
2nd singular	wethwasa	wangethwasa, awethwasa, awangethwasa
1st plural	sethwasa	sangethwasa, asethwasa, asangethwasa
2nd plural	nethwasa	nangethwasa, anethwasa, anangethwasa
Class 1	wethwasa	wangethwasa, akethwasa, akangethwasa
Class 2	bethwasa	bangethwasa, abethwasa, abangethwasa
Class 3	wethwasa	wangethwasa, awethwasa, awangethwasa
Class 4	yethwasa	yangethwasa, ayethwasa, ayangethwasa
Class 5	lethwasa	langethwasa, alethwasa, alangethwasa
Class 6	ethwasa	angethwasa, awethwasa, awangethwasa
Class 7	sethwasa	sangethwasa, asethwasa, asangethwasa
Class 8	zethwasa	zangethwasa, azethwasa, azangethwasa
Class 9	yethwasa	yangethwasa, ayethwasa, ayangethwasa
Class 10	zethwasa	zangethwasa, azethwasa, azangethwasa
Class 11	lwethwasa	lwangethwasa, alwethwasa, alwangethwasa
Class 14	bethwasa	bangethwasa, abethwasa, abangethwasa
Class 15	kwethwasa	kwangethwasa, akwethwasa, akwangethwasa
Class 17	kwethwasa	kwangethwasa, akwethwasa, akwangethwasa

Related terms

• -thwasa

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ethwasa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ethwasa (3.2.9)”