exhaustus
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Ido[edit]
Verb[edit]
exhaustus
- conditional of exhaustar
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Perfect passive participle of exhauriō (“draw out, take out”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /eksˈhau̯s.tus/, [ɛks̠ˈ(ɦ)äu̯s̠t̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ekˈsau̯s.tus/, [eɡˈzäu̯st̪us]
Participle[edit]
exhaustus (feminine exhausta, neuter exhaustum); first/second-declension participle
- (of liquids) drawn out, exhausted, drained off, emptied, depleted, having been exhausted
- (of non-liquids) taken out, used up, depleted, pillaged, emptied out, having been used up
- (figuratively) taken away, removed, cleared off, having been taken away
- (figuratively) carried through, brought to an end, accomplished, fulfilled, exhausted, endured; having been carried…etc.
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.13-14:
- “[...] Heu, quibus ille / iactātus fātīs! Quae bella exhausta canēbat!”
- “Alas! By what destinies that [man] has been assailed! He told of having endured such wars!”
(Translations vary – Knight, 1956: “horrors of war, endured to the bitterest end”; Mandelbaum, 1971: “what trying wars he lived to tell”; West, 1990: “what a bitter cup of war he has had to drain”; Lombardo, 2005: “the wars he painted, fought to the bitter end”; Fagles, 2006: “what a bitter bowl of war he’s drunk to the dregs”; Ahl, 2007: “what wearying wars”.)
- “Alas! By what destinies that [man] has been assailed! He told of having endured such wars!”
- “[...] Heu, quibus ille / iactātus fātīs! Quae bella exhausta canēbat!”
Declension[edit]
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | exhaustus | exhausta | exhaustum | exhaustī | exhaustae | exhausta | |
| Genitive | exhaustī | exhaustae | exhaustī | exhaustōrum | exhaustārum | exhaustōrum | |
| Dative | exhaustō | exhaustō | exhaustīs | ||||
| Accusative | exhaustum | exhaustam | exhaustum | exhaustōs | exhaustās | exhausta | |
| Ablative | exhaustō | exhaustā | exhaustō | exhaustīs | |||
| Vocative | exhauste | exhausta | exhaustum | exhaustī | exhaustae | exhausta | |
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “exhaustus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “exhaustus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- exhaustus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.