gawula

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-gáwúla

1. to fell, to chop down

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-gawúla

1. (transitive) to fell, to chop down

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukugawula
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukugawula	ukungagawuli
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	gawula	-gawule
Plural	gawulani	-gawuleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyagawula, ngigawula	engigawulayo, engigawula	ngigawula	angigawuli	engingagawuli	ngingagawuli
2nd singular	uyagawula, ugawula	ogawulayo, ogawula	ugawula	awugawuli	ongagawuli	ungagawuli
1st plural	siyagawula, sigawula	esigawulayo, esigawula	sigawula	asigawuli	esingagawuli	singagawuli
2nd plural	niyagawula, nigawula	enigawulayo, enigawula	nigawula	anigawuli	eningagawuli	ningagawuli
Class 1	uyagawula, ugawula	ogawulayo, ogawula	egawula	akagawuli	ongagawuli	engagawuli
Class 2	bayagawula, bagawula	abagawulayo, abagawula	begawula	abagawuli	abangagawuli	bengagawuli
Class 3	uyagawula, ugawula	ogawulayo, ogawula	ugawula	awugawuli	ongagawuli	ungagawuli
Class 4	iyagawula, igawula	egawulayo, egawula	igawula	ayigawuli	engagawuli	ingagawuli
Class 5	liyagawula, ligawula	eligawulayo, eligawula	ligawula	aligawuli	elingagawuli	lingagawuli
Class 6	ayagawula, agawula	agawulayo, agawula	egawula	awagawuli	angagawuli	engagawuli
Class 7	siyagawula, sigawula	esigawulayo, esigawula	sigawula	asigawuli	esingagawuli	singagawuli
Class 8	ziyagawula, zigawula	ezigawulayo, ezigawula	zigawula	azigawuli	ezingagawuli	zingagawuli
Class 9	iyagawula, igawula	egawulayo, egawula	igawula	ayigawuli	engagawuli	ingagawuli
Class 10	ziyagawula, zigawula	ezigawulayo, ezigawula	zigawula	azigawuli	ezingagawuli	zingagawuli
Class 11	luyagawula, lugawula	olugawulayo, olugawula	lugawula	alugawuli	olungagawuli	lungagawuli
Class 14	buyagawula, bugawula	obugawulayo, obugawula	bugawula	abugawuli	obungagawuli	bungagawuli
Class 15	kuyagawula, kugawula	okugawulayo, okugawula	kugawula	akugawuli	okungagawuli	kungagawuli
Class 17	kuyagawula, kugawula	okugawulayo, okugawula	kugawula	akugawuli	okungagawuli	kungagawuli
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngigawulile, ngigawulē	engigawulile, engigawulē	ngigawulile, ngigawulē	angigawulanga	engingagawulanga	ngingagawulanga
2nd singular	ugawulile, ugawulē	ogawulile, ogawulē	ugawulile, ugawulē	awugawulanga	ongagawulanga	ungagawulanga
1st plural	sigawulile, sigawulē	esigawulile, esigawulē	sigawulile, sigawulē	asigawulanga	esingagawulanga	singagawulanga
2nd plural	nigawulile, nigawulē	enigawulile, enigawulē	nigawulile, nigawulē	anigawulanga	eningagawulanga	ningagawulanga
Class 1	ugawulile, ugawulē	ogawulile, ogawulē	egawulile, egawulē	akagawulanga	ongagawulanga	engagawulanga
Class 2	bagawulile, bagawulē	abagawulile, abagawulē	begawulile, begawulē	abagawulanga	abangagawulanga	bengagawulanga
Class 3	ugawulile, ugawulē	ogawulile, ogawulē	ugawulile, ugawulē	awugawulanga	ongagawulanga	ungagawulanga
Class 4	igawulile, igawulē	egawulile, egawulē	igawulile, igawulē	ayigawulanga	engagawulanga	ingagawulanga
Class 5	ligawulile, ligawulē	eligawulile, eligawulē	ligawulile, ligawulē	aligawulanga	elingagawulanga	lingagawulanga
Class 6	agawulile, agawulē	agawulile, agawulē	egawulile, egawulē	awagawulanga	angagawulanga	engagawulanga
Class 7	sigawulile, sigawulē	esigawulile, esigawulē	sigawulile, sigawulē	asigawulanga	esingagawulanga	singagawulanga
Class 8	zigawulile, zigawulē	ezigawulile, ezigawulē	zigawulile, zigawulē	azigawulanga	ezingagawulanga	zingagawulanga
Class 9	igawulile, igawulē	egawulile, egawulē	igawulile, igawulē	ayigawulanga	engagawulanga	ingagawulanga
Class 10	zigawulile, zigawulē	ezigawulile, ezigawulē	zigawulile, zigawulē	azigawulanga	ezingagawulanga	zingagawulanga
Class 11	lugawulile, lugawulē	olugawulile, olugawulē	lugawulile, lugawulē	alugawulanga	olungagawulanga	lungagawulanga
Class 14	bugawulile, bugawulē	obugawulile, obugawulē	bugawulile, bugawulē	abugawulanga	obungagawulanga	bungagawulanga
Class 15	kugawulile, kugawulē	okugawulile, okugawulē	kugawulile, kugawulē	akugawulanga	okungagawulanga	kungagawulanga
Class 17	kugawulile, kugawulē	okugawulile, okugawulē	kugawulile, kugawulē	akugawulanga	okungagawulanga	kungagawulanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāgawula	engāgawula	ngāgawula	angigawulanga	engingagawulanga	ngingagawulanga
2nd singular	wāgawula	owāgawula	wāgawula	awugawulanga	ongagawulanga	ungagawulanga
1st plural	sāgawula	esāgawula	sāgawula	asigawulanga	esingagawulanga	singagawulanga
2nd plural	nāgawula	enāgawula	nāgawula	anigawulanga	eningagawulanga	ningagawulanga
Class 1	wāgawula	owāgawula	āgawula	akagawulanga	ongagawulanga	engagawulanga
Class 2	bāgawula	abāgawula	bāgawula	abagawulanga	abangagawulanga	bengagawulanga
Class 3	wāgawula	owāgawula	wāgawula	awugawulanga	ongagawulanga	ungagawulanga
Class 4	yāgawula	eyāgawula	yāgawula	ayigawulanga	engagawulanga	ingagawulanga
Class 5	lāgawula	elāgawula	lāgawula	aligawulanga	elingagawulanga	lingagawulanga
Class 6	āgawula	āgawula	āgawula	awagawulanga	angagawulanga	engagawulanga
Class 7	sāgawula	esāgawula	sāgawula	asigawulanga	esingagawulanga	singagawulanga
Class 8	zāgawula	ezāgawula	zāgawula	azigawulanga	ezingagawulanga	zingagawulanga
Class 9	yāgawula	eyāgawula	yāgawula	ayigawulanga	engagawulanga	ingagawulanga
Class 10	zāgawula	ezāgawula	zāgawula	azigawulanga	ezingagawulanga	zingagawulanga
Class 11	lwāgawula	olwāgawula	lwāgawula	alugawulanga	olungagawulanga	lungagawulanga
Class 14	bāgawula	obāgawula	bāgawula	abugawulanga	obungagawulanga	bungagawulanga
Class 15	kwāgawula	okwāgawula	kwāgawula	akugawulanga	okungagawulanga	kungagawulanga
Class 17	kwāgawula	okwāgawula	kwāgawula	akugawulanga	okungagawulanga	kungagawulanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingagawula	—	ngingagawula	ngingegawule	—	ngingegawule
2nd singular	ungagawula	—	ungagawula	ungegawule	—	ungegawule
1st plural	singagawula	—	singagawula	singegawule	—	singegawule
2nd plural	ningagawula	—	ningagawula	ningegawule	—	ningegawule
Class 1	angagawula	—	engagawula	angegawule	—	engegawule
Class 2	bangagawula	—	bengagawula	bangegawule	—	bengegawule
Class 3	ungagawula	—	ungagawula	ungegawule	—	ungegawule
Class 4	ingagawula	—	ingagawula	ingegawule	—	ingegawule
Class 5	lingagawula	—	lingagawula	lingegawule	—	lingegawule
Class 6	angagawula	—	engagawula	angegawule	—	engegawule
Class 7	singagawula	—	singagawula	singegawule	—	singegawule
Class 8	zingagawula	—	zingagawula	zingegawule	—	zingegawule
Class 9	ingagawula	—	ingagawula	ingegawule	—	ingegawule
Class 10	zingagawula	—	zingagawula	zingegawule	—	zingegawule
Class 11	lungagawula	—	lungagawula	lungegawule	—	lungegawule
Class 14	bungagawula	—	bungagawula	bungegawule	—	bungegawule
Class 15	kungagawula	—	kungagawula	kungegawule	—	kungegawule
Class 17	kungagawula	—	kungagawula	kungegawule	—	kungegawule
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizogawula	engizogawula	ngizogawula	angizugawula	engingezugawula	ngingezugawula
2nd singular	uzogawula	ozogawula	uzogawula	awuzugawula	ongezugawula	ungezugawula
1st plural	sizogawula	esizogawula	sizogawula	asizugawula	esingezugawula	singezugawula
2nd plural	nizogawula	enizogawula	nizogawula	anizugawula	eningezugawula	ningezugawula
Class 1	uzogawula	ozogawula	ezogawula	akazugawula	ongezugawula	engezugawula
Class 2	bazogawula	abazogawula	bezogawula	abazugawula	abangezugawula	bengezugawula
Class 3	uzogawula	ozogawula	uzogawula	awuzugawula	ongezugawula	ungezugawula
Class 4	izogawula	ezogawula	izogawula	ayizugawula	engezugawula	ingezugawula
Class 5	lizogawula	elizogawula	lizogawula	alizugawula	elingezugawula	lingezugawula
Class 6	azogawula	azogawula	ezogawula	awazugawula	angezugawula	engezugawula
Class 7	sizogawula	esizogawula	sizogawula	asizugawula	esingezugawula	singezugawula
Class 8	zizogawula	ezizogawula	zizogawula	azizugawula	ezingezugawula	zingezugawula
Class 9	izogawula	ezogawula	izogawula	ayizugawula	engezugawula	ingezugawula
Class 10	zizogawula	ezizogawula	zizogawula	azizugawula	ezingezugawula	zingezugawula
Class 11	luzogawula	oluzogawula	luzogawula	aluzugawula	olungezugawula	lungezugawula
Class 14	buzogawula	obuzogawula	buzogawula	abuzugawula	obungezugawula	bungezugawula
Class 15	kuzogawula	okuzogawula	kuzogawula	akuzugawula	okungezugawula	kungezugawula
Class 17	kuzogawula	okuzogawula	kuzogawula	akuzugawula	okungezugawula	kungezugawula
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyogawula	engiyogawula	ngiyogawula	angiyugawula	engingeyugawula	ngingeyugawula
2nd singular	uyogawula	oyogawula	uyogawula	awuyugawula	ongeyugawula	ungeyugawula
1st plural	siyogawula	esiyogawula	siyogawula	asiyugawula	esingeyugawula	singeyugawula
2nd plural	niyogawula	eniyogawula	niyogawula	aniyugawula	eningeyugawula	ningeyugawula
Class 1	uyogawula	oyogawula	eyogawula	akayugawula	ongeyugawula	engeyugawula
Class 2	bayogawula	abayogawula	beyogawula	abayugawula	abangeyugawula	bengeyugawula
Class 3	uyogawula	oyogawula	uyogawula	awuyugawula	ongeyugawula	ungeyugawula
Class 4	iyogawula	eyogawula	iyogawula	ayiyugawula	engeyugawula	ingeyugawula
Class 5	liyogawula	eliyogawula	liyogawula	aliyugawula	elingeyugawula	lingeyugawula
Class 6	ayogawula	ayogawula	eyogawula	awayugawula	angeyugawula	engeyugawula
Class 7	siyogawula	esiyogawula	siyogawula	asiyugawula	esingeyugawula	singeyugawula
Class 8	ziyogawula	eziyogawula	ziyogawula	aziyugawula	ezingeyugawula	zingeyugawula
Class 9	iyogawula	eyogawula	iyogawula	ayiyugawula	engeyugawula	ingeyugawula
Class 10	ziyogawula	eziyogawula	ziyogawula	aziyugawula	ezingeyugawula	zingeyugawula
Class 11	luyogawula	oluyogawula	luyogawula	aluyugawula	olungeyugawula	lungeyugawula
Class 14	buyogawula	obuyogawula	buyogawula	abuyugawula	obungeyugawula	bungeyugawula
Class 15	kuyogawula	okuyogawula	kuyogawula	akuyugawula	okungeyugawula	kungeyugawula
Class 17	kuyogawula	okuyogawula	kuyogawula	akuyugawula	okungeyugawula	kungeyugawula
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngigawule	ngingagawuli
2nd singular	ugawule	ungagawuli
1st plural	sigawule	singagawuli
2nd plural	nigawule	ningagawuli
Class 1	agawule	angagawuli
Class 2	bagawule	bangagawuli
Class 3	ugawule	ungagawuli
Class 4	igawule	ingagawuli
Class 5	ligawule	lingagawuli
Class 6	agawule	angagawuli
Class 7	sigawule	singagawuli
Class 8	zigawule	zingagawuli
Class 9	igawule	ingagawuli
Class 10	zigawule	zingagawuli
Class 11	lugawule	lungagawuli
Class 14	bugawule	bungagawuli
Class 15	kugawule	kungagawuli
Class 17	kugawule	kungagawuli
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngagawula	ngangagawula, angagawula, angangagawula
2nd singular	wagawula	wangagawula, awagawula, awangagawula
1st plural	sagawula	sangagawula, asagawula, asangagawula
2nd plural	nagawula	nangagawula, anagawula, anangagawula
Class 1	wagawula	wangagawula, akagawula, akangagawula
Class 2	bagawula	bangagawula, abagawula, abangagawula
Class 3	wagawula	wangagawula, awagawula, awangagawula
Class 4	yagawula	yangagawula, ayagawula, ayangagawula
Class 5	lagawula	langagawula, alagawula, alangagawula
Class 6	agawula	angagawula, awagawula, awangagawula
Class 7	sagawula	sangagawula, asagawula, asangagawula
Class 8	zagawula	zangagawula, azagawula, azangagawula
Class 9	yagawula	yangagawula, ayagawula, ayangagawula
Class 10	zagawula	zangagawula, azagawula, azangagawula
Class 11	lwagawula	lwangagawula, alwagawula, alwangagawula
Class 14	bagawula	bangagawula, abagawula, abangagawula
Class 15	kwagawula	kwangagawula, akwagawula, akwangagawula
Class 17	kwagawula	kwangagawula, akwagawula, akwangagawula

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gawula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gawula (3.2.9)”