gcaba

Zulu

Verb

-gcâba

1. (transitive) to incise

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive	ukugcaba
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukugcaba	ukungagcabi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	gcaba	-gcabe
Plural	gcabani	-gcabeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyagcaba, ngigcaba	engigcabayo, engigcaba	ngigcaba	angigcabi	engingagcabi	ngingagcabi
2nd singular	uyagcaba, ugcaba	ogcabayo, ogcaba	ugcaba	awugcabi	ongagcabi	ungagcabi
1st plural	siyagcaba, sigcaba	esigcabayo, esigcaba	sigcaba	asigcabi	esingagcabi	singagcabi
2nd plural	niyagcaba, nigcaba	enigcabayo, enigcaba	nigcaba	anigcabi	eningagcabi	ningagcabi
Class 1	uyagcaba, ugcaba	ogcabayo, ogcaba	egcaba	akagcabi	ongagcabi	engagcabi
Class 2	bayagcaba, bagcaba	abagcabayo, abagcaba	begcaba	abagcabi	abangagcabi	bengagcabi
Class 3	uyagcaba, ugcaba	ogcabayo, ogcaba	ugcaba	awugcabi	ongagcabi	ungagcabi
Class 4	iyagcaba, igcaba	egcabayo, egcaba	igcaba	ayigcabi	engagcabi	ingagcabi
Class 5	liyagcaba, ligcaba	eligcabayo, eligcaba	ligcaba	aligcabi	elingagcabi	lingagcabi
Class 6	ayagcaba, agcaba	agcabayo, agcaba	egcaba	awagcabi	angagcabi	engagcabi
Class 7	siyagcaba, sigcaba	esigcabayo, esigcaba	sigcaba	asigcabi	esingagcabi	singagcabi
Class 8	ziyagcaba, zigcaba	ezigcabayo, ezigcaba	zigcaba	azigcabi	ezingagcabi	zingagcabi
Class 9	iyagcaba, igcaba	egcabayo, egcaba	igcaba	ayigcabi	engagcabi	ingagcabi
Class 10	ziyagcaba, zigcaba	ezigcabayo, ezigcaba	zigcaba	azigcabi	ezingagcabi	zingagcabi
Class 11	luyagcaba, lugcaba	olugcabayo, olugcaba	lugcaba	alugcabi	olungagcabi	lungagcabi
Class 14	buyagcaba, bugcaba	obugcabayo, obugcaba	bugcaba	abugcabi	obungagcabi	bungagcabi
Class 15	kuyagcaba, kugcaba	okugcabayo, okugcaba	kugcaba	akugcabi	okungagcabi	kungagcabi
Class 17	kuyagcaba, kugcaba	okugcabayo, okugcaba	kugcaba	akugcabi	okungagcabi	kungagcabi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngigcabile, ngigcabē	engigcabile, engigcabē	ngigcabile, ngigcabē	angigcabanga	engingagcabanga	ngingagcabanga
2nd singular	ugcabile, ugcabē	ogcabile, ogcabē	ugcabile, ugcabē	awugcabanga	ongagcabanga	ungagcabanga
1st plural	sigcabile, sigcabē	esigcabile, esigcabē	sigcabile, sigcabē	asigcabanga	esingagcabanga	singagcabanga
2nd plural	nigcabile, nigcabē	enigcabile, enigcabē	nigcabile, nigcabē	anigcabanga	eningagcabanga	ningagcabanga
Class 1	ugcabile, ugcabē	ogcabile, ogcabē	egcabile, egcabē	akagcabanga	ongagcabanga	engagcabanga
Class 2	bagcabile, bagcabē	abagcabile, abagcabē	begcabile, begcabē	abagcabanga	abangagcabanga	bengagcabanga
Class 3	ugcabile, ugcabē	ogcabile, ogcabē	ugcabile, ugcabē	awugcabanga	ongagcabanga	ungagcabanga
Class 4	igcabile, igcabē	egcabile, egcabē	igcabile, igcabē	ayigcabanga	engagcabanga	ingagcabanga
Class 5	ligcabile, ligcabē	eligcabile, eligcabē	ligcabile, ligcabē	aligcabanga	elingagcabanga	lingagcabanga
Class 6	agcabile, agcabē	agcabile, agcabē	egcabile, egcabē	awagcabanga	angagcabanga	engagcabanga
Class 7	sigcabile, sigcabē	esigcabile, esigcabē	sigcabile, sigcabē	asigcabanga	esingagcabanga	singagcabanga
Class 8	zigcabile, zigcabē	ezigcabile, ezigcabē	zigcabile, zigcabē	azigcabanga	ezingagcabanga	zingagcabanga
Class 9	igcabile, igcabē	egcabile, egcabē	igcabile, igcabē	ayigcabanga	engagcabanga	ingagcabanga
Class 10	zigcabile, zigcabē	ezigcabile, ezigcabē	zigcabile, zigcabē	azigcabanga	ezingagcabanga	zingagcabanga
Class 11	lugcabile, lugcabē	olugcabile, olugcabē	lugcabile, lugcabē	alugcabanga	olungagcabanga	lungagcabanga
Class 14	bugcabile, bugcabē	obugcabile, obugcabē	bugcabile, bugcabē	abugcabanga	obungagcabanga	bungagcabanga
Class 15	kugcabile, kugcabē	okugcabile, okugcabē	kugcabile, kugcabē	akugcabanga	okungagcabanga	kungagcabanga
Class 17	kugcabile, kugcabē	okugcabile, okugcabē	kugcabile, kugcabē	akugcabanga	okungagcabanga	kungagcabanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāgcaba	engāgcaba	ngāgcaba	angigcabanga	engingagcabanga	ngingagcabanga
2nd singular	wāgcaba	owāgcaba	wāgcaba	awugcabanga	ongagcabanga	ungagcabanga
1st plural	sāgcaba	esāgcaba	sāgcaba	asigcabanga	esingagcabanga	singagcabanga
2nd plural	nāgcaba	enāgcaba	nāgcaba	anigcabanga	eningagcabanga	ningagcabanga
Class 1	wāgcaba	owāgcaba	āgcaba	akagcabanga	ongagcabanga	engagcabanga
Class 2	bāgcaba	abāgcaba	bāgcaba	abagcabanga	abangagcabanga	bengagcabanga
Class 3	wāgcaba	owāgcaba	wāgcaba	awugcabanga	ongagcabanga	ungagcabanga
Class 4	yāgcaba	eyāgcaba	yāgcaba	ayigcabanga	engagcabanga	ingagcabanga
Class 5	lāgcaba	elāgcaba	lāgcaba	aligcabanga	elingagcabanga	lingagcabanga
Class 6	āgcaba	āgcaba	āgcaba	awagcabanga	angagcabanga	engagcabanga
Class 7	sāgcaba	esāgcaba	sāgcaba	asigcabanga	esingagcabanga	singagcabanga
Class 8	zāgcaba	ezāgcaba	zāgcaba	azigcabanga	ezingagcabanga	zingagcabanga
Class 9	yāgcaba	eyāgcaba	yāgcaba	ayigcabanga	engagcabanga	ingagcabanga
Class 10	zāgcaba	ezāgcaba	zāgcaba	azigcabanga	ezingagcabanga	zingagcabanga
Class 11	lwāgcaba	olwāgcaba	lwāgcaba	alugcabanga	olungagcabanga	lungagcabanga
Class 14	bāgcaba	obāgcaba	bāgcaba	abugcabanga	obungagcabanga	bungagcabanga
Class 15	kwāgcaba	okwāgcaba	kwāgcaba	akugcabanga	okungagcabanga	kungagcabanga
Class 17	kwāgcaba	okwāgcaba	kwāgcaba	akugcabanga	okungagcabanga	kungagcabanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingagcaba	—	ngingagcaba	ngingegcabe	—	ngingegcabe
2nd singular	ungagcaba	—	ungagcaba	ungegcabe	—	ungegcabe
1st plural	singagcaba	—	singagcaba	singegcabe	—	singegcabe
2nd plural	ningagcaba	—	ningagcaba	ningegcabe	—	ningegcabe
Class 1	angagcaba	—	engagcaba	angegcabe	—	engegcabe
Class 2	bangagcaba	—	bengagcaba	bangegcabe	—	bengegcabe
Class 3	ungagcaba	—	ungagcaba	ungegcabe	—	ungegcabe
Class 4	ingagcaba	—	ingagcaba	ingegcabe	—	ingegcabe
Class 5	lingagcaba	—	lingagcaba	lingegcabe	—	lingegcabe
Class 6	angagcaba	—	engagcaba	angegcabe	—	engegcabe
Class 7	singagcaba	—	singagcaba	singegcabe	—	singegcabe
Class 8	zingagcaba	—	zingagcaba	zingegcabe	—	zingegcabe
Class 9	ingagcaba	—	ingagcaba	ingegcabe	—	ingegcabe
Class 10	zingagcaba	—	zingagcaba	zingegcabe	—	zingegcabe
Class 11	lungagcaba	—	lungagcaba	lungegcabe	—	lungegcabe
Class 14	bungagcaba	—	bungagcaba	bungegcabe	—	bungegcabe
Class 15	kungagcaba	—	kungagcaba	kungegcabe	—	kungegcabe
Class 17	kungagcaba	—	kungagcaba	kungegcabe	—	kungegcabe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizogcaba	engizogcaba	ngizogcaba	angizugcaba	engingezugcaba	ngingezugcaba
2nd singular	uzogcaba	ozogcaba	uzogcaba	awuzugcaba	ongezugcaba	ungezugcaba
1st plural	sizogcaba	esizogcaba	sizogcaba	asizugcaba	esingezugcaba	singezugcaba
2nd plural	nizogcaba	enizogcaba	nizogcaba	anizugcaba	eningezugcaba	ningezugcaba
Class 1	uzogcaba	ozogcaba	ezogcaba	akazugcaba	ongezugcaba	engezugcaba
Class 2	bazogcaba	abazogcaba	bezogcaba	abazugcaba	abangezugcaba	bengezugcaba
Class 3	uzogcaba	ozogcaba	uzogcaba	awuzugcaba	ongezugcaba	ungezugcaba
Class 4	izogcaba	ezogcaba	izogcaba	ayizugcaba	engezugcaba	ingezugcaba
Class 5	lizogcaba	elizogcaba	lizogcaba	alizugcaba	elingezugcaba	lingezugcaba
Class 6	azogcaba	azogcaba	ezogcaba	awazugcaba	angezugcaba	engezugcaba
Class 7	sizogcaba	esizogcaba	sizogcaba	asizugcaba	esingezugcaba	singezugcaba
Class 8	zizogcaba	ezizogcaba	zizogcaba	azizugcaba	ezingezugcaba	zingezugcaba
Class 9	izogcaba	ezogcaba	izogcaba	ayizugcaba	engezugcaba	ingezugcaba
Class 10	zizogcaba	ezizogcaba	zizogcaba	azizugcaba	ezingezugcaba	zingezugcaba
Class 11	luzogcaba	oluzogcaba	luzogcaba	aluzugcaba	olungezugcaba	lungezugcaba
Class 14	buzogcaba	obuzogcaba	buzogcaba	abuzugcaba	obungezugcaba	bungezugcaba
Class 15	kuzogcaba	okuzogcaba	kuzogcaba	akuzugcaba	okungezugcaba	kungezugcaba
Class 17	kuzogcaba	okuzogcaba	kuzogcaba	akuzugcaba	okungezugcaba	kungezugcaba
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyogcaba	engiyogcaba	ngiyogcaba	angiyugcaba	engingeyugcaba	ngingeyugcaba
2nd singular	uyogcaba	oyogcaba	uyogcaba	awuyugcaba	ongeyugcaba	ungeyugcaba
1st plural	siyogcaba	esiyogcaba	siyogcaba	asiyugcaba	esingeyugcaba	singeyugcaba
2nd plural	niyogcaba	eniyogcaba	niyogcaba	aniyugcaba	eningeyugcaba	ningeyugcaba
Class 1	uyogcaba	oyogcaba	eyogcaba	akayugcaba	ongeyugcaba	engeyugcaba
Class 2	bayogcaba	abayogcaba	beyogcaba	abayugcaba	abangeyugcaba	bengeyugcaba
Class 3	uyogcaba	oyogcaba	uyogcaba	awuyugcaba	ongeyugcaba	ungeyugcaba
Class 4	iyogcaba	eyogcaba	iyogcaba	ayiyugcaba	engeyugcaba	ingeyugcaba
Class 5	liyogcaba	eliyogcaba	liyogcaba	aliyugcaba	elingeyugcaba	lingeyugcaba
Class 6	ayogcaba	ayogcaba	eyogcaba	awayugcaba	angeyugcaba	engeyugcaba
Class 7	siyogcaba	esiyogcaba	siyogcaba	asiyugcaba	esingeyugcaba	singeyugcaba
Class 8	ziyogcaba	eziyogcaba	ziyogcaba	aziyugcaba	ezingeyugcaba	zingeyugcaba
Class 9	iyogcaba	eyogcaba	iyogcaba	ayiyugcaba	engeyugcaba	ingeyugcaba
Class 10	ziyogcaba	eziyogcaba	ziyogcaba	aziyugcaba	ezingeyugcaba	zingeyugcaba
Class 11	luyogcaba	oluyogcaba	luyogcaba	aluyugcaba	olungeyugcaba	lungeyugcaba
Class 14	buyogcaba	obuyogcaba	buyogcaba	abuyugcaba	obungeyugcaba	bungeyugcaba
Class 15	kuyogcaba	okuyogcaba	kuyogcaba	akuyugcaba	okungeyugcaba	kungeyugcaba
Class 17	kuyogcaba	okuyogcaba	kuyogcaba	akuyugcaba	okungeyugcaba	kungeyugcaba
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngigcabe	ngingagcabi
2nd singular	ugcabe	ungagcabi
1st plural	sigcabe	singagcabi
2nd plural	nigcabe	ningagcabi
Class 1	agcabe	angagcabi
Class 2	bagcabe	bangagcabi
Class 3	ugcabe	ungagcabi
Class 4	igcabe	ingagcabi
Class 5	ligcabe	lingagcabi
Class 6	agcabe	angagcabi
Class 7	sigcabe	singagcabi
Class 8	zigcabe	zingagcabi
Class 9	igcabe	ingagcabi
Class 10	zigcabe	zingagcabi
Class 11	lugcabe	lungagcabi
Class 14	bugcabe	bungagcabi
Class 15	kugcabe	kungagcabi
Class 17	kugcabe	kungagcabi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngagcaba	ngangagcaba, angagcaba, angangagcaba
2nd singular	wagcaba	wangagcaba, awagcaba, awangagcaba
1st plural	sagcaba	sangagcaba, asagcaba, asangagcaba
2nd plural	nagcaba	nangagcaba, anagcaba, anangagcaba
Class 1	wagcaba	wangagcaba, akagcaba, akangagcaba
Class 2	bagcaba	bangagcaba, abagcaba, abangagcaba
Class 3	wagcaba	wangagcaba, awagcaba, awangagcaba
Class 4	yagcaba	yangagcaba, ayagcaba, ayangagcaba
Class 5	lagcaba	langagcaba, alagcaba, alangagcaba
Class 6	agcaba	angagcaba, awagcaba, awangagcaba
Class 7	sagcaba	sangagcaba, asagcaba, asangagcaba
Class 8	zagcaba	zangagcaba, azagcaba, azangagcaba
Class 9	yagcaba	yangagcaba, ayagcaba, ayangagcaba
Class 10	zagcaba	zangagcaba, azagcaba, azangagcaba
Class 11	lwagcaba	lwangagcaba, alwagcaba, alwangagcaba
Class 14	bagcaba	bangagcaba, abagcaba, abangagcaba
Class 15	kwagcaba	kwangagcaba, akwagcaba, akwangagcaba
Class 17	kwagcaba	kwangagcaba, akwagcaba, akwangagcaba