ithid
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Irish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
ithid
Mutation[edit]
| Irish mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
| ithid | n-ithid | hithid | not applicable |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Middle Irish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
ithid (verbal noun ithe)
- to eat
- c. 1000, Anonymous, published in (1935) Rudolf Thurneysen, editor, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó (in Middle Irish), Dublin: Staionery Office, § 1, l. 14, page 2: “In fer no·t⟨h⟩ēged iarsint ṡligi do·bered in n-aēl isin coiri, ocus a·taibred din chētgabāil, iss ed no·ithed. ― Each man who came along the passage would put the flesh-fork into the cauldron, and whatever he got at the first taking, it was that which he ate. (literally, “The man who…”)”
Conjugation[edit]
- Third-person singular imperfect indicative: ·ithed
Descendants[edit]
Mutation[edit]
| Middle Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ithid | unchanged | n-ithid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Old Irish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
A suppletive verb.
- All forms except for the present, imperfect, and the verbal noun are from forms of Proto-Celtic *essi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.
- The perfect forms are from dí- + fo- + Proto-Celtic *āde (preterite of *essi), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁e-h₁od-e.
- The subjunctive forms are from Proto-Celtic *esseti, s-subjunctive of *essi.
- The future forms are from Proto-Celtic *īsseti, reduplicated s-future of *essi, with *ī from Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁e-. The future is inflected like an a-subjunctive, not like a regular s-future.
- The verbal noun is from Proto-Celtic *ɸityā, derived from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“to nourish, feed”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic питѣти (pitěti, “nourish”) and Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “food”). ith (“grain”) is from this same root.
- The present and imperfect stems ith- and eth- are back-formed from the verbal noun.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
ithid (verbal noun ithe)
- to eat
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 102a15
- Itius anúas ⁊ dus·claid anís; air ní foircnea in fíni hithe neich di anúas, amal du·ngní int aīs sechmaill as·mbeir-som .i. air is cuit adaill ad·n-ellat-sidi in fíni du thabairt neich doib dia thorud.
- They eat it from above and he roots it up from below; for it does not exterminate the vine to eat of anything of it from above, as do the passers-by whom he speaks of, i.e. for it is only a passing visit that they make [lit: ‘that they visit’] to the vine to take something for themselves of its fruit.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 102a15
Conjugation[edit]
Simple, class B I present, reduplicated preterite, s future, s subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | ithim | ithid | ithit, ethait; itius (with suffixed pronoun -us) | ethair | ||||
| Conj. | ·ethat | ||||||||
| Rel. | ithes | ||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·ithed, ·ethad | ·ittis, ·ithitis | |||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | do·fúaid | |||||||
| Prot. | ·dóid, ·dúaid | ·dóes | |||||||
| Future | Abs. | íssaid | |||||||
| Conj. | ·íss | ·íssae | ·íssat | ||||||
| Rel. | ístae | ||||||||
| Conditional | ·íssainn | ·íssad | ·ístais | ||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | do·essur (perfective) | estir; do·estar (perfective) | ||||||
| Conj. | ·essur; ·dóesur (perfective) | ·estar | ·essamar; ·dessamar (perfective) | ·essatar | |||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·esta | ·essad | ·estais | ||||||
| Imperative | ith | ithed | etham | ethat | |||||
| Verbal noun | ithe | ||||||||
| Past participle | eisib (dative plural) | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants[edit]
Mutation[edit]
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ithid | unchanged | n-ithid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Categories:
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish non-lemma forms
- Irish verb forms
- Irish terms with archaic senses
- Munster Irish
- Middle Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peyt-
- Middle Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Middle Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Irish lemmas
- Middle Irish verbs
- Middle Irish terms with quotations
- mga:Human behaviour
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peyt-
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ed-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms prefixed with dí-
- Old Irish terms prefixed with fo-
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish verbs
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish simple verbs
- Old Irish class B I present verbs
- Old Irish reduplicated preterite verbs
- Old Irish s future verbs
- Old Irish s subjunctive verbs
- Old Irish suppletive verbs
- sga:Human behaviour