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Egyptian [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
3-lit.
( intransitive ) to be(come) kindly , friendly , or gracious (+ n : toward)
c. 1900 BCE ,
The Instructions of Kagemni (
pPrisse /pBN 183) lines 1.11–1.12:
ḫr (tw)r n(j) ḥr r dfꜣ jb jmꜣ n.f kꜣhs r mwt.f One who is averted of face against feeding the heart (i.e. one who doesn’t indulge himself), the harsh man has to be more kindly to him than his (own) mother.
Inflection [ edit ]
Conjugation of jmꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jmꜣ , geminated stem: jmꜣꜣ
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
jmꜣ
jmꜣw , jmꜣ
jmꜣt
jmꜣ
jmꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
jmꜣ
ḥr jmꜣ
m jmꜣ
r jmꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
contingent
aspect / mood
active
perfect
jmꜣ.n
consecutive
jmꜣ.jn
terminative
jmꜣt
perfective 3
jmꜣ
obligative1
jmꜣ.ḫr
imperfective
jmꜣ
prospective 3
jmꜣ
potentialis1
jmꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive
jmꜣ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
active
passive
perfect
jmꜣ.n
—
—
perfective
jmꜣ
jmꜣ
jmꜣ , jmꜣw 5 , jmꜣy 5
imperfective
jmꜣ , jmꜣy , jmꜣw 5
jmꜣ , jmꜣj 6 , jmꜣy 6
jmꜣ , jmꜣw 5
prospective
jmꜣ , jmꜣtj 7
jmꜣtj 4 , jmꜣt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f /.fj , feminine .s /.sj , dual .sn /.snj , plural .sn .
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmꜣ
Derived terms [ edit ]
Adjective [ edit ]
perfective active participle of jmꜣ : kindly , friendly , gracious
Inflection [ edit ]
Declension of jmꜣ (perfective active participle)
masculine
feminine
singular
jmꜣ
jmꜣt
dual
jmꜣwj
jmꜣtj
plural
jmꜣw
jmꜣwt 1 , jmꜣt 2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
Romanization [ edit ]
jmꜣ
Alternative transliteration of jꜣmw ( “ tent ” ) .
References [ edit ]
Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] , volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN , pages 79.10–79.23
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN , pages 9, 20